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Woodrow Wilson
Democratic Reformer, 28th President
New Freedom
Wilson’s platform - stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform, and tariff reductions
New Nationalism
TR’s platform - Allowed larger trusts, everything just had to be regulated, social welfare
Triple Wall of Privilege
The tariffs, the banks, and the trusts
Underwood Tariff - 1913
Substantial reduction of rates and import fees, first graduated income tax.
Federal Reserve Act - 1913
Created a nationwide system of 12 regional reserve districts, each with it own central bank. Federal Reserve Board (FED) had final authority. The people on the FED were appointed. Bank was empowered to issue paper money to help regulate the economy.
Federal Trade Commission Act - 1914
Created a commission that would root out unfair trade practices like unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, and bribery.
Clayton Anti-Trust Act -1914
Outlawed interlocking directorates and price discrimination. Legalized strikes and peaceful picketing.
Federal Farm Loan Act - 1916
Credit available to farmers at low rates.
Warehouse Act - 1916
Authorized loans on the security of staple crops
La Follette Seaman’s Act - 1915
Required decent treatment and a living wage on American merchant ships.
Workingmen’s Compensation Act - 1916
Granted assistance to federal civil-service employees during period of disability.
Adamson Act - 1916
Established an 8 hour workday for all employees on trains in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime.
Repeal Panama Canal Tolls Act - 1912
Wilson asked for its repeal in 1914. It had exempted American coastwise shipping from tolls.
Jones Act - 1916
Granted the Philippines territorial status and promised independence when they got a stable government. They got their independence 30 years later.
Caribbean Affairs
Wilson dispatched marines in Haiti to protect American lives and property. Concluded a treaty with them so that the US could supervise their finances and the police. He then sent marines to the Dominican Republic to quell riots. He purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark.
Tampico Incident
Small group of American sailors were arrested and then promptly released. The admiral wanted a salute of 21 guns, but the Mexican did not want to do that. Wilson was forced to use force to capture the port of Veracruz. This did not help US-Mexico relations at all.
