CIVVV

Autocratic monarchy

A system of government where a single ruler holds unlimited power.

Tsar

The title of the Russian emperor.

Failed industry

A major cause of social instability in Russia leading to unrest.

Pogroms

Violent riots aimed at the massacre or persecution of a particular ethnic or religious group, especially Jews.

Hemophilia

A genetic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to make blood clots.

Communists

Extreme liberal-minded revolutionaries advocating for radical change and equality.

Petrograd Soviet

A powerful workers' council in Petrograd that demanded an end to World War I.

Bolsheviks

Radical communists who took control of the Petrograd Soviet.

Five Year Plans

Stalin's programs aimed at industrializing the Soviet Union.

Collectivization

The policy of consolidating individual land and labor into collective farms.

Holodomor

The man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that led to millions of deaths.

Red Terror

Lenin's campaign of political repression and targeting of perceived enemies.

War Communism

Lenin's economic policy during the Russian Civil War that involved total government control.

New Economic Policy (NEP)

Lenin's plan to introduce elements of capitalism to revive the Soviet economy.

Velvet Revolutions

Non-violent uprisings in Eastern Europe that led to independence from Soviet control.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 13-day confrontation between the U.S. and the USSR over nuclear missiles in Cuba.

Islamism

The desire to reassert Islamic values in politics and society.

Fundamentalism

A strict adherence to the basic principles of a religion.

Globalization

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence.

Neoliberalism

A political and economic model emphasizing free markets and privatization.

Transnational corporations

Companies that operate in multiple countries with a global production network.

Environmental movement

A movement aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainability.

Green Party

A political party focused on environmental issues, started in Germany.

Human Rights

Fundamental rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled.

Decolonization

The process by which colonies gained independence from colonial powers.

Countercultural Movement

A social movement in the 1960s and 1970s that rejected mainstream values.