HOSA Sports Med

Adult pulse

60-80 beats/minute

Child Pulse

80-100 beats/minute

Rapid and weak pulse indicates

Shock, bleeding, diabetic coma, and/or heat exhaustion

Rapid but strong pulse indicates

Heat stroke and/or severe fright

Strong but slow pulse indicates

Skull fracture and/or stroke

No pulse indicates

Cardiac arrest and/or death

2 most convenient sites for taking the pulse

Neck (carotid artery)

And the wrist (radial artery) is

2 most convenient sites for taking the pulse

Neck (carotid artery)

And the wrist (radial artery) is

Adult respiration

12-20 breaths/ minute

Child respirations

20-25 breaths/minute

Shallow breathing indicates

Shock

Measurement for respirations is taken by

Watching, feeling and counting the rise and fall of chest

Oral temp

98.6 degrees F

Rectal temp

99.6 degrees F

Ancillary temp

97.6 degrees F

Hot, dry skin indicates

Disease, infection, and/or over exposure to environmental heat

Cool, clammy skin is and and indicator

Trauma, shock, and/or heat exhaustion

Cool and dry skin is displayed because of...

Overexposure to cold

Irregular or gasping breath

Cardiac related

Red skin color

Heat stroke,diabetic coma, and/or high blood pressure

White skin color

Insufficient circulation, shock, fright, hemorrhage, heat exhaustion and/or insulin shock

Blue skin

Circulated blood is poorly oxygenated

Constricted pupils

Injury to the central nervous system and/or intake of a depressant drug

Dilated pupils

Head injury, shock, heat stroke, hemorrhage, and/or intake of a stimulant drug

Failing pupils to light

Brain injury, intake of alcohol, or drug poisoning

PEARL

Pupils Equal And Reactive to Light

Evaluation of LOC

Athlete's mental awareness

Memory and ability to recall

Response to commands (direction, events, etc.)

AVPU

Alert

Verbal

Responds to pain

Unresponsive

4 basic patterns of movement

Active

Passive

Assistive

Resistive

Nerve stimulation

Check for motor and sensory to determine if affected area has nerve damage

Normal Blood Pressure

120/80

Systolic

When the heart contracts

Diastolic

As the heart relaxes

Team Physician

To be available when emergency situations arise

Physicals

Clearing players to return to activity

BOC Certified Athletic Trainer

Prevention

Clinical Education and Diagnosis

Immediate care

Treatment, rehabilitation, and conditioning

Organization and administration

Professional responsibility

Athletes

Responsibility to maintain good physical condition

Practice techniques taught by coaches

Parents

Assist in keeping athlete healthy and are updated about injury or illness. Should be provided with info on nutrition and recommend home treatments. If athlete is a minor, AT should alert parents immediately

Officials

Responsible for enforcing fair rules, monitoring playing conditions, and cooperating with AT and physician

Coaches

Must plan practices that include conditioning and training of athletes and teach techniques and rules of sport.

Practices must be of reasonable duration, taking skill level, fatigue, and environmental conditions into consideration. Selecting, fitting, and maintaining protective equipment. Supervision of practice and game facilities must be reviewed by coaching staff. Must update education by attending clinics, review rule change, skill development, first aid/ CPR. Athletes wellbeing is 1st. Works close with team physician and BOC certified AT.

Athletic Training Student

Defined by interest , experience in allied healthcare, desire to gain knowledge of profession. Start with maintaining a clean athletic training area/facility. Other duties include inventory control, keeping track of supplies and equipment, and communication to head trainer. Should have checklist for practice, games, or road trips. Packing kits and other preparation activities. Preparing an sport/electrolyte drink or water. Documenting weight before and after practice. Recording for daily treatments. Treatments such as taping, wrapping,

changing dressings,giving minor treatments, and first aid procedures

Physical Rehabilitation program goal

To return the injured athlete to pre-injury levels of strength, power, endurance, flexibility, and confidence as quickly and safely as possible.

Rehab program focuses on...

Injured body part

What happens when and if an athlete returns to activity without undergoing physical rehabilitation?

Could become re-injured.

Aggressive rehab program will require...

Particular exercise program by athlete at a level slightly lower than what causes pain,

5 phases of physical rehabilitation that need to be addressed-

-post surgical/ acute injury

-early exercise

-intermediate exercise

-advanced exercise

-initial sports re-entry

Along with exercise, AT must also deal with ....

-decreasing pain

- effusion

-inflammatory response to trauma

Returning an athlete to a pain-free active range of motion will increase...

- muscular strength, power, and endurance to anatomical structure

4 basic components of any physical rehab program are...

-therapeutic exercise

-therapeutic modalities

-athletic education

-goal setting

When determining purpose of an exercise, always consider...

joint range of motion,

muscle strength, power, endurance, balance, proprioception, kinesthetic awareness and cardiovascular fitness (total body conditioning)

Progressive resistive exercises are used to increase...

Muscular strength, power, and endurance

Purpose of Taping and wrapping

Primary: to provide additional support, stability, and compression for affected body part.

Taping and wrapping techniques can be applied to...

Shorten the muscles angle of pull

Decrease joint range of motion

Secure pads, bandages and protective devices

Apply compression to aid in controlling swelling

Taping: prep removal of hair

The athlete should shave the affected body part. This eu ensure a good solid foundation for the tape, will allow for easy tape removal, and will reduce skin irritation.

Taping prep: spray adherent

Spray the affected area with an adherent to aid adhesive quality

Taping prep- skin lubricants

In areas of high friction or sensitivity, a skin lubricant such as heel and lace pad will help reduce the possibility of irritation

Taping prep- underwrap

Foam wrap used to hold heel and lace pads in place. Use of underwrap over entire taping area can compromise stability of taping technique

Common terminology for the wraps are...

Spica, figure of eight, and pad support.

Spica wraps

Traditionally employed at the hip and shoulder joints.

Figure of eight wraps

Placed over ankle, knee, elbow, and wrist, and hand joints.

Supportive wraps

Aid in securing pads after proper placement of felt, foam rubber, and protective devices.

What does PRICES stand for?

Protection

Rest

Ice