A radiographic procedure that produces detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen.
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Abdominal Ultrasound
A noninvasive test used to visualize internal organs by using very high frequency sound waves.
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Abdominocentesis
The surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid.
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Ablation
The removal of a body part or the destruction of its function.
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Abortion
The interruption or termination of pregnancy before the fetus is viable.
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Abrasion
An injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away.
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Abruptio Placentae
A disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus.
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Abscess
A closed pocket containing pus caused by a bacterial infection.
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Absence Seizure
A brief disturbance in brain function in which there is a loss of awareness often described as a staring episode.
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ACE Inhibitors
Medications administered to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.
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Acetaminophen
Analgesic that reduces pain and fever, but does not relieve inflammation.
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Achilles Tendonitis
Inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on that tendon.
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Acne Vulgaris
A chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by an overproduction of sebum around the hair shaft.
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Acoustic Neuroma
A brain tumor that develops adjacent to the cranial nerve running from the brain to the inner ear.
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Acquired Immunity
Immunity obtained by having had a contagious disease.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
The advanced stage of an HIV infection.
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Acromegaly
Enlargement of the extremities caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty.
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Acrophobia
An excessive fear of heights.
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Actinic Keratosis
A precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin.
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Activities of Daily Living
Include bathing, grooming, brushing teeth, eating, and dressing.
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Acupressure
A traditional Chinese touch therapy involving finger pressure applied to specific areas of the body.
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Acupuncture
A traditional Chinese medical practice using very think acupuncture needles inserted into specific points of the body.
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Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
An abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth.
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Acute Renal Failure
Sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood to filter.
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A life-threatening condition in which inflammation in the lungs and fluid in the alveoli lead to low levels of oxygen in the blood.
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Addiction
Compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance, habit, or practice.
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Addison's Disease
A condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone.
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Adenectomy
Surgical removal of a gland.
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Adenitis
Inflammation of a gland.
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Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma derived from glandular tissue.
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Adenoma
Benign tumor that arises from, or resembles, glandular tissue.
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Adenomalacia
Abnormal softening of a gland.
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Adenosclerosis
Abnormal hardening of a gland.
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Adenosis
Any disease or condition of a gland.
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Adhesion
A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally.
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Adjuvant Therapy
Cancer treatment used after the primary treatments have been completed to decrease the chance that a cancer will recur.
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Adrenalitis
Inflammation of the adrenal glands.
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Adverse Drug Reaction
An undesirable reaction that accompanies the principal response for which the drug was taken.
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Aerophagia
Excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking.
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Age Spots
Discoloration caused by sun exposure.
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Agoraphobia
An excessive fear of environments where the person fears a panic attack might occur.
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Airborne Transmission
Occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets spread by a cough or sneeze.
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Airway Inflammation
The swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus.
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Airway Obstruction
Occurs when food or a foreign object partially or completely blocks the airway and prevents air from entering or leaving the lungs.
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Albinism
A genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises.
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Albuminuria
The presence of the protein albumin in the urine.
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Alcoholism
Chronic alcohol dependence with specific signs and symptoms upon withdrawal.
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Aldosteronism
An abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone.
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Allergen
A substance that produces an allergic response in an individual.
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Allergic Reaction
Occurs when the body's immune system reacts to a harmless allergen as if it were a dangerous invader.
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Allergic Rhinitis
An allergic reaction to airborne allergens.
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Allergy
An overreaction by the body to a particular antigen.
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Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplant
A transplant in which the recipient receives bone marrow from a compatible donor.
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Allopathic Medicine
Conventional medical practices and systems of health care.
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Alopecia
The partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp.
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Alopecia Areata
An autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing well-defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body.
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Alopecia Totalis
An uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp.
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Alopecia Universalis
The total loss of hair on all parts of the body.
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Alternative Medicine
A general term for practices and systems of health care used in place of allopathic medicine.
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Alzheimer's Disease
A group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language.
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Amblyopia
Dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye.
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Amenorrhea
The abnormal absence of menstrual periods for three months or more.
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Ametropia
Any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina.
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Amnesia
A memory disturbance marked by a total or partial inability to recall past experiences.
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Amniocentesis
A surgical puncture to remove amniotic fluid to evaluate fetal health and to diagnose certain congenital disorders.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.
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Anal Fissure
A small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that can cause severe pain during a bowel movement.
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Analgesic
A medication that relieves pain without affecting consciousness.
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Anaphylaxis
A severe, systemic response to an allergen.
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Anaplasia
A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.
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Anastomosis
A surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures.
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Andropause
Marked by decrease of the male hormone testosterone, gradually beginning in the late 40s and progressing very gradually over several decades.
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Anemia
A disorder characterized by lower than normal levels of red blood cells in the blood.
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Anesthesia
The absence of normal sensation, especially sensitivity to pain.
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Anesthetic
Medication used to induce anesthesia.
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Aneurysm
A localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery.
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Aneurysmectomy
The surgical removal of an aneurysm.
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Aneurysmorrhaphy
Surgical suturing of an aneurysm.
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Angina
Episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium.
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Angiogenesis
The process through which the tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply.
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Angiogram
The film produced by angiography.
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Angiography
A radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium.
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Angioplasty
Mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel.
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Angiostenosis
Abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel.
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Anhidrosis
The abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat.
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Anisocoria
A condition in which the pupils are unequal in size.
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Ankylosing Spondylitis
A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.
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Ankylosis
The loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure.
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Anomaly
A deviation from what is regarded as normal.
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Anorexia
The loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by disease.
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Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance that leads to a refusal to maintain a normal body weight.
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Anoscopy
The visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum.
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Anovulation
The absence of ovulation when it would normally be expected.
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Anoxia
The absence of oxygen from the body's tissues or organs despite adequate flow of blood.
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Antacids
Medications to relieve indigestion or help peptic ulcers heal by neutralizing stomach acids.
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Anthracosis
The form of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust in the lungs.
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Anthrax
A contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock.
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Antiangiogenesis
Cancer treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor.
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Antiarrhythmic
Medication administered to control irregularities of the heartbeat.
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Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
Develops when an antibiotic fails to kill all of the bacteria it targets. When this occurs, the surviving bacteria become resistant to that particular drug.
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