crim treatment

Probation

community supervision for conviction instead of incarceration,

Parole

community supervision for conviction for criminal action with incarceration

3 Major components of Criminal Justice System

law enforcement, courts, corrections

Law enforcement

prevention, investigation, arrests. Federal, state, local. 

Courts

justice. Guilt/innocence and sentencing. Prosecution, defense, judges.

Corrections

incapacitation/ incarceration and rehabilitation.

Institution (prison), community-based (probation/parole). Punishment for actions. Isolate/ distance from those harmed. public safety.

Deterrence. Keeping the client from committing a crime again and keeping others from committing a crime.

Rehabilitation (programming). Education, train, treat, prepare indiv. , behavior change, public safety.

Static 

won’t change

Dynamic

changeable

Sanctions

swift, certain, proportionate (graduated)

verbal reprimand, reduction in privileges, assignments, program extension, increased monitoring

Measure & Use data to inform

continuous evaluation, incorporate new evidence, compare results

Effective

reduce offender risk, reduce recidivism, increase public safety

Evidence based

achieves an outcome that is wanted over other options, measurable, not a value/ moral expectation, but a CONCRETE expectation

RNR

Risk Need Responsivity

4:1 Ratio

4 positives to every 1 negative

Carrot vs Stick

rewarding positive behavior

Risk

Who? Match intervention to risk level (high vs low)

Need

What? target criminogenic needs

Responsivity

How? match intervention to offender learning style and demographics

Fidelity

How well? ensuring adherence to protocol

1. Antisocial behavior

When did it start? settings? limited in changeability (historical acts)

2. Antisocial cognition

What people think? (not how they think) attitudes, beliefs, values

3. Antisocial peers

how they identify? pro social indiv vs pro criminal behavior

4. Antisocial personality

impulsive, egocentric, pleasure-seeking, and aggressive. 

multiple settings and around multiple others.

Family/ marital

family history of crim behavior, low reward and satisfaction.

Leisure/recreation

prosocial activities: minimal involvement and satisfaction

Substance use

misuse and abuse

Criminogenic Factors

antisocial behavior, antisocial cognition, antisocial peers, antisocial personality, substance use, family/marital, leisure/recreation

Non criminogenic needs

self esteem, medical issues, depression/ anxiety

Iowa Risk Revised

current, offense, criminal history, criminal orientation/ associates, security threat group, stability factors, current age

Stable/ risk indicators

peers, attitude towards authority, impulsive control, probelm solving, sense of entitlement, attachment with others

Acute risk indicators

substance abuse, opportunity/ access to victims, negative mood, employment, living situation/ personal relationships

Risk factors

characteristics increase behavior

Protective factors

strengths reduce behavior

Employment/ education

poor performance, poor commitment to maintain