Unit 3 | Quiz #1

Ecological Systems Theory

Concerned with the development of children in the context of their social systems.

Microsystem

Groups that have direct contact with the child (family, people at school).

Mesosystem

The relationships between groups in the microsystem (i.e. parents’ relationship with teachers).

Exosystem

Connections between social groups that indirectly affect a child (i.e. parent gets a promotion at work and has to travel more; local politics changes school funding in a way that affects teachers).

Macrosystem

Cultural events and circumstances that affect the developing child and their microsystems and mesosystems.

Chronosystem

A child’s current life stage, which interacts with historic and personal events (i.e. divorce or war).

Parenting Styles: Outcomes for children andadults vary by culture.

Authoritarian

Parents impose rules and expect obedience.

Example: “Because I said so.”

Authoritative

Parents are both demanding and responsive.

Permissive

Parents show warmth but impose few rules.

Neglectful

Parents are cold and impose few rules.

Attachment

An emotional tie with another person; seen in young children by seeking closeness to the caregiver; varies by culture and temperament. Childhood attachment styles can affect relationships later in life.

Secure Attachment

(60% of infants): Upset when mom leaves, easily calmed on return. Tend to be more stable adults.

Insecure-Avoidant Attachment

Tries not to appear distressed when caregiver leaves, avoids caregiver when they return.

Insecure-Anxious Attachment

Clings to caregiver, very upset when left alone, hard to comfort upon return.

Insecure-Disorganized Attachment

Distressed when caregiver leaves, not comforted by/may be frightened of caregiver upon return.

Separation Anxiety

Fear of strangers that infants display (happens in 6 month olds) during seperation.

Harlow Monkey Study

Wire and cloth mother, monkeys preferred cloth mother as they needed confort over wire mother with food, showed importance of physical touch for development.

Parallel Play

Toddlers play next to, but noth with, friends ages 0-2.5.

Adverse Childhood Experience

Events that negatively impact relationships later in life, varies by culture.

Imaginary Audience

Adolescents demonstrate egotism by imagining that multitudes of people are listening to or watching them.