Immunology & Serology Review

A collection of fill-in-the-blank flashcards created to aid in the study of Immunology and Serology.

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) is characterized by __.

the presence of very poorly differentiated blast cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells.

The four types of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) include __.

CALLA-expressing precursor B cell ALL, Pre-B cell ALL without CALLA, T-cell ALL, and Mature B cell ALL.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Lymphoma involves diseases of __ origin.

B cell origin.

Hairy Cell Leukemia is characterized by infiltration of and by leukemic cells without involvement of lymph nodes.

bone marrow; spleen.

Hodgkin's Lymphoma is characterized by the presence of __ cells.

Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma includes and .

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL); Follicular lymphoma.

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) is a __ condition with monoclonal immunoglobulins.

Pre-malignant.

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is associated with __ proteins and is characterized by rouleaux formation.

Bence-Jones.

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia is a malignant proliferation of __ producing lymphocytes.

IgM.

Immunophenotyping is one of the __ tests used in serology.

laboratory.

Types of graft include __, __, __, and __.

Autograft; Isograft; Allograft; Xenograft.

First Set Rejection and Second Set Rejection are types of __.

transplantation rejection.

Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) is a consequence of __ rejection.

chronic.

Immunoglobulins are involved in __ interactions in Serology.

antigen-antibody.

The initial force of attraction between a single Fab site and a single epitope is known as __.

affinity.

The sum of all attractive forces between an antigen and an antibody is referred to as __.

avidity.

The Law of Mass Action states that free reactants are in __ with bound reactants.

equilibrium.

Dilution can be expressed as a or as a .

ratio; fraction.

Precipitation involves the aggregation of soluble antigens in the presence of __.

specific antibodies.

Conditions for precipitation include that antigens must be and .

multivalent; soluble.

Turbidimetry measures reduction in __ due to reflection, absorption, or scatter.

light intensity.

Immunodiffusion refers to the diffusion of and/or until they meet at the correct proportion.

antigen; antibodies.

Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis is used to detect the __ of the antigen in a given sample.

presence.

Single Immunodiffusion was developed by __.

James Oudin.

Double Immunodiffusion involves the diffusion of antigen and antibody through a __ medium.

gel.

The Ouchterlony method is also known as __.

double diffusion.

Agglutination involves the aggregation of __ antigens in the presence of specific antibodies.

particulate.

Sensitization is the stage of agglutination where antigen-antibody __ occurs.

combination.

Factors enhancing agglutination include and .

centrifugation; enzyme treatment.

The Direct Agglutination test uses __ antigen to detect unknown antibodies.

known.

Viruses like rubella and influenza can cause __ in red blood cells.

viral hemagglutination.

Direct Coombs' Test demonstrates in vivo attachment of __ to red cells.

antibody or complement.

Complement Fixation Test is used to detect presence of __ in a biological sample.

antibodies.

Radioimmunoassays (RIAs) use __ for quantification of antigen-antibody reactions.

radioactive isotopes.

Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA) can be heterogenous or __.

homogeneous.

Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA) is used for the detection of __ in biological samples.

illegal and therapeutic drugs.

Hybridization Techniques are used to identify the presence of __ in patient specimens.

complementary DNA or RNA.

Multiplex PCR includes more than one __ pair in the PCR mixture.

primer.

Sensitivity to Group A Streptococci is often diagnosed using the __ test.

ASO.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes __ pneumonia.

Primary Atypical.

Helicobacter pylori can be diagnosed through antigen detection methods such as and .

urease test; urea breath test.

Hepatitis A Virus is transmitted via the __ route.

fecal-oral.

Hepatitis B Virus is an enveloped virus belonging to the family __.

Hepadnaviridae.

The presence of HBsAg indicates __ infection.

active hepatitis B.

The anti-HBs antibody indicates __ to hepatitis B.

immunity.

Hepatitis C Virus is an enveloped virus of the family __.

Flaviviridae.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is classified as a __ virus.

ssRNA retrovirus.

The presence of heterophil antibodies is typically associated with __ infection.

Infectious Mononucleosis.

Schultz-Charlton test is used in the diagnosis of __.

Scarlet fever.

Treponema pallidum is responsible for causing __.

syphilis.

The VDRL test is a type of __ test for syphilis.

non-treponemal.

The Indie Coombs Test is performed to demonstrate in vitro sensitization of __ cells.

red.

Complement fixations tests can help detect __ in infectious diseases.

antibodies.

Indirect Immunofluorescence uses fluorescent dyes to visualize __.

antigen-antibody complexes.

The principle of the __ test detects specific antibody-antigen interactions in a sample.

ELISA.

Rikettsial infections are diagnosed using the __ test.

Weil-Felix.

Diagnosing Hepatitis E involves detecting and .

anti-HEV IgM; HEV RNA.

Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of __ disease.

Lyme.

HIV Screening Tests include and .

ELISA; Rapid Tests.

The nucleic acid test is primarily used as a __ diagnostic test for HIV.

confirmatory.

Epstein-Barr Virus can lead to several malignancies including and .

Burkitt’s lymphoma; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Reverse transcription PCR amplifies __.

RNA.

Labeled Immunoassays include methods that utilize __ for quantification.

labels.

Direct agglutination can be used to diagnose microbial __.

infections.

Indirect agglutination tests use particles to detect __ in serum.

unknown antibodies.

Labeled immunoassays can include using __ for the detection of proteins.

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Immunofixation is used to identify specific protein patterns in __.

serum samples.

Single radial immunodiffusion determines antigen concentration based on __ of precipitation.

diameter.

Viral Hemagglutination Inhibition measures viral antibodies in __ fluid.

biological.