ANSC: Chapter 1: Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 01 of Scientific Farm Animal Production.

Domestication

The long-term process by which wild animals are adapted for human use through selective breeding and management (e.g., dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs) to serve as sources of work, food, or companionship.

Nutrient-dense foods

foods that provide high levels of essential nutrients (calories, protein, fats) relative to their energy content, such as meat, milk, and eggs.

Caloric intake from animal products

The total calories in a diet supplied by animal-derived foods.

Protein intake from animal products

The amount of protein contributed by animal-derived foods in a diet.

Ruminant

A cud-chewing hoofed herbivore with a multi-chambered stomach (rumen) that digests fibrous forages; examples include cattle, sheep, and goats.

Forage

Edible plant material such as grasses and other roughage consumed by grazing animals.

Crop residues

Leftover plant material after harvest used as animal feed.

Pastures and grasslands

Land areas with grasses used for grazing livestock.

By-product ingredients

Secondary products used as components in animal feeds that originate from other processing streams.

Manure

Animal waste used as fertilizer and a nutrient source for soils.

Draft, transport, recreation

Non-food roles of livestock, including work power, transportation, and recreational activities.

Productivity changes in farm animal species

Improvements over time in production efficiency, such as reduced feed per unit of weight gain and shorter time to market.

Feed efficiency

The amount of feed required per unit of product (e.g., per pound of weight gain or per dozen eggs) and its improvement over time.

Expenditures for food (gross dollars and % of personal disposable income)

Total money spent on food and the share of personal income that this represents.

Per capita supply of calories and protein

The average daily availability of total calories and protein per person, comparing world and least developed economies.

Land-plant-ruminant-animal-human relationship

A systems view showing how grains and feeds, pastures and grasslands, land and soil, and ruminant animals interact to produce meat, milk, eggs, and other outputs for humans.