AP Human Geo Urban Models

Burgess Concentric-Zone Model

Early 1900s

Mode of Transport: Walking/Horse/Horse and Carriage

CBD Importance: High; home to ALL economic activity of city

Housing distribution: Low income; closest to CBD, High income; further away from CBD and Industrial Zone

Hoyt Sector Model

1930s

Mode of Transport: Railroads/Trolleys/Streetcars

Role of Transportation in Model Morphology: wedge sectors outward from the CBD

CBD Importance: High; CBD is still focus of economic activity with some heavy industry starting to appear along heavy industrial rail line outward in a radial wedges/sectors

Housing distribution: Lower income; moves outward from CBD along heavy railroad lines and con wedges/pie slices, Higher income; radiates outward from CBD along boulevards and streetcar lines far away from industrial sector in wedges/pie slices

Harris-Ullman Multiple-Nuclei Model

1945

Mode of Transport: Cars

CBD Importance: High; more businesses can begin to move from the CBD but CBD is still main economic driver of city

Housing distribution: Cars enable high income residents to live in early suburbs further from places of employment

Galactic City Model

1960s

Mode of Transport: cars

Role of Transportation in Model Morphology: full blown suburbs and edge cities that operate independently

CBD Importance: High; edge cities operate as smaller “cities” usually on the periphery. Their commercial base does not rely on CBD. They are not residential.

Inner/Outer Loops and Beltways: Galactic Cities have beltways or loops that ring the city

Sub-Saharan African City Model

3 CBD’s: Colonial CBD; governmental, Market Zone CBD; informal market, Traditional CBD; modern economic functions

Housing distribution: lowest income lives in slums/shanty towns

Colonial influence: based off Colonial Infrastructure (European Colonization)

Latin American Model

Housing distribution: High income; along one or two avenues next to Elite Spine, Low income; Perifico Zone; Disamenity Zone; “Favela, Barrio”; squatter settlements on edge of cities

Elite Spine: Extension of CBD in sector pattern w many commercialized spaces of consumptions

Colonial Influence: Large Plazas usually w church and central square w wide boulevard extending outwards

Southeast Asian City Model

CBD: lacks a CBD but has various economic focal points

Model Focal Point: Port Zone reflecting a city design oriented around ocean going trade (Colonial Influence)

Housing Distribution: higher income residents will live closer to the economic hub, in this case the port zone, and lowest incomes towards edge

Alien Commercial Zone: small businesses dominated by Chinese or Indian merchants