black power

help

• attacks de facto segregation no other civil rights group did

• build on Black Pride → Garvey

hinder

• portrayed violent

  • 27 shot in 1967 

  • white's weaponised TV to give a bad reputation

• Black Panthers were arming themselves

• excluded whites and 10% of the population

• moved younger generation such as SNCC and SCLC to be violent 

affirmative action

the practise or policy of favouring individuals belonging to groups regarded as disadvantaged or subjects to discrimination; positive discrimination

Philadelphia Plan 1969

Nixon decided he would tackle discrimination in the construction industry resulting in AA's hired going from 1% to 12%

• FDR somewhat started;10% had to be AA but only could enforcing government jobs

congress passed the Equal Opportunity Act in 1972

all three branches working together

regions of the University of Carolina V baake 1978

a white student alan baake sued the university that he had been discriminated because of his race 

• Supreme Court becomes more neutral after Earl Warren dies in 1974

Griggs V Duke Power Company 1971

agreed that affirmative action was constitutional 

• applies for women and Native Americans

bussing

transport to a school where another group is predominant, in an attempt to promote regional integration

swann v charlotte-mecklenburg board of education 1971

Supreme Court decided that bossing is constitutional and it was a legitimate weapon to target segregation

• 14th amendment → Earl Warren

miliken v bradley 1974

supreme court stopped transportation of while children from predominantly white suburbs to inncer city schools where most students were black.

• bussing only allowed if deliberate discrimination

  • de jure = only south

  • de facto = North “accidental”