MedTerm.Chapter.3-Skeletal System

acetabulum

hip socket, large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

allogenic

originating within another

ankylosing spondylitis

a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

arthrodesis

surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

arthrolysis

the surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint

arthroscopy

the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

autologous

originating within an individual

avascular necrosis

an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

callus

a bulging deposit around the area of the break-this tissue eventually becomes bone. Also, a thickening of the skin caused by repeated rubbing.

chondromalacia

the abnormal softening of cartilage

comminuted fracture

one in which the bone is splintered or crushed

compression fracture

occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself. Also known as a vertebral crush fracture.

costochondritis

an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

craniostenosis

a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

crepitation

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

dual x-ray absorptiometry

a low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

fat embolus

can form when a long bone is fractured due to an accident or surgery, and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood

gout

a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints

hallux valgus

known as a bunion, an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

hemarthrosis

blood within a joint

hemopoietic

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

internal fixation

a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

an autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue

kyphosis

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine viewed from the side, also known as humpback

laminectomy

the surgical removal of a lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra

lordosis

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine, also known as swayback

lumbago

pain of the lumbar region of the spine, also known as low back pain

malleolus

a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

manubrium

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

metacarpals

the five bones that form the palms of the hand

metatarsals

five bones that form the part of the foot to which he toes are attached

multiple myeloma

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

open fracture

one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin, also known as a compound fracture

orthopedic surgeon

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

orthotic

a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

osteitis

an inflammation of a bone

osteoarthritis

inflammation of the bone and joint, associated with aging (Wear and tear arthritis)

osteochondroma

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

osteoclasis

the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

osteomalacia

abnormal softening of bones in adults

osteomyelitis

an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

osteopenia

thinner-than-average bone density

osteoporosis

marked LOSS OF BONE DENSITY and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging--brittle bones that loose density over time

osteoporotic hip fracture

a broken hip usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as a result of a fall

osteorrhaphy

the surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones

Paget's disease

bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation

pathologic fracture

occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain

percutaneous vertebroplasty

performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures. Minimally invasive procedure where bone cement is injected to stabilize compression fractures within the spinal column

periostitis

inflammation of the periosteum (peri- means surrounding, ost means bone, and -itis means inflammation), often associated with shin splints

podiatrist

specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot, holds a Doctor of Podiatry (DP) degree

polymyalgia rheumatica

a geriatric inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness (inflammation of the muscles and joints)

prosthesis

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part

radiculopathy

a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine, sometimes referred to as a pinched nerve

rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

rickets

a deficiency disease occurring in children which is characterized by defective bone growth

scoliosis

an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

spina bifida

a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

spinal stenosis

a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on

spiral fracture

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

spondylolisthesis

the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

spondylosis

degenerative condition that causes the loss of normal spinal structure and function

stem cell transplant

is used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas, also known as bone marrow transplant

subluxation

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

synovectomy

the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint

vertebrae

bony unit making up the spinal column, there are 26