Geology pt 2

HybridField

A mixture made by combining two different elements; of mixed character; composed of mixed parts.

Geological survey

Systematic investigation of the geology beneath a given piece of ground for creating a geological map or model.

Rock mechanics

Study of the mechanical behavior of subsurface sedimentary strata and rocks; how rocks respond to stress.

Rock strata

Stacked layers of sedimentary rock; term reserved for sedimentary rocks composed of fragments.

Soil mechanics

Branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils.

In situ

Latin phrase meaning 'on site' or 'in position'.

Clastic sedimentary rocks

Rocks made up of pieces (clasts) of pre-existing rocks, formed through weathering and cementation.

Geochemistry

Science using principles of chemistry to explain mechanisms behind major geological systems like Earth's crust.

Oceanography

Scientific study of the oceans, covering ecosystem dynamics, currents, and waves.

Paleontology

Study of ancient life through fossil evidence, revealing changes in organisms over time.

Sedimentology

Study of sedimentary rocks and processes by which they are formed, including weathering and deposition.

Soil boring

Process of drilling a hole to take a sample of soil for testing various properties.

Sampling

Process of taking a small sample of soil from the surface of the ground.

Ordinary soil

Boring in ordinary soil can reach depths of up to 30 meters.

Hard rock

Boring in hard rock can reach depths of up to 3 meters into sound rock.

Sound rock

Type of rock with good acoustic properties, preferred for underground construction.

Foundations

Borings should extend at least 10 meters below the lowest part of the foundation.

Earth dams and dikes

Borings should be spaced 30–60 meters apart.

Borrow pits

Borings should be spaced 30–120 meters apart.

Multistory buildings

Borings should be spaced 15–30 meters apart.

One-story manufacturing plants

Borings should be spaced 30–90 meters apart.

Boring depth in the Philippines

If foundation type is unspecified, boring shall reach a minimum depth of 30 meters.

Consultant's contract period

Period for subsurface exploration works shall be twenty-one (21) calendar days after notice to proceed.

Auger Boring

Cost-effective boring technique used for most soils, except gravelly soil and rocks.

Rotary drilling method

Boring method suitable for all soil types including rocks, used for both disturbed and undisturbed samples.

Wash boring method

Collects disturbed and undisturbed samples in most soils, using limited equipment.

Sedimentation

Fundamental processes in sedimentology including weathering, erosion, and deposition.

Sedimentology

The study of sedimentary rocks and the processes by which they are formed, includes and is related to a large number of phenomena.

Strain

Change in rock volume or form due to applied stress.

Porosity

Measure of void spaces in soil; important for understanding soil behavior.

Erosion

Process of soil or rock being worn away by wind, water, or other natural agents.

Diagenesis

Physical and chemical changes undergone by sediments after deposition.