Geology pt 2

1. HybridField, a thing made by combining two different elements; a mixture.; of mixed character; composed of mixed parts.

2. Geological survey is the systematic investigation of the geology beneath a given piece of ground for the purpose of creating a geological map or model.

3. Rock mechanics is the study of the mechanical behavior of subsurface sedimentary strata and rocks that are formed. The basic principle is that rock simply responds to stress by changing in volume or form. The change in the rock volume or form due to the applied stress is called strain.

4. Rock strata refers to stacked-up layers of sedimentary rock. Other kinds of rocks can have layering in them, but the word strata is reserved for sedimentary rocks - rocks composed of individual fragments of minerals or other rocks.

5. Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils.

6. In situ is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position.

7. Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of pieces (clasts) of pre-existing rocks. Pieces of rock are loosened by weathering, then transported to some basin or depression where sediment is trapped. If the sediment is buried deeply, it becomes compacted and cemented, forming sedimentary rock.

8. Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.

9. Oceanography, also known as oceanology, is the scientific study of the oceans. It is an important Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves

10. Paleontology is the study of ancient life, from dinosaurs to prehistoric plants, mammals, fish, insects, fungi, and even microbes. Fossil evidence reveals how organisms changed over time and what our planet was like long ago.

11. Sedimentology, the study of sedimentary rocks and the processes by which they are formed, includes and is related to a large number of phenomena. Sedimentology includes the five fundamental processes defined by the term sediaentation --weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition and diagenesis.

12. Soil boring is the process of drilling a hole into the ground in order to take a sample of the soil. This sample is then used to test the soil for various properties, such as texture, porosity, and more. Sampling, on the other hand, is the process of taking a small sample of soil from the surface of the ground.

13. Sampling is the process of taking a small sample of soil from the surface of the ground

14. Ordinary soil: Borings can reach depths of up to 30 meters

15. Hard rock: Borings can reach depths of up to 3 meters into sound rock.

16. Sound rock typically refers to a type of rock in construction or geology that has good acoustic properties, meaning it produces a clear sound when struck, and is often preferred for building underground structures due to its stability and sound-dampening qualities; essentially, it's a rock that "sounds good" when tapped or hit.

17. Foundations: Borings should extend at least 10 meters below the lowest part of the foundation

18. Earth dams and dikes: Borings should be spaced 30–60 meters apart

19. Borrow pits: Borings should be spaced 30–120 meters apart

20. Multistory buildings: Borings should be spaced 15–30 meters apart

21. One-story manufacturing plants: Borings should be spaced 30–90 meters apart.

22. In the Philippines, if foundation type has not been specified, boring shall be carried out to a minimum depth of 30 meters in ordinary soil or if rock is encountered above the depth.

23. The Consultant's contract period for undertaking the sub-surface exploration works including laboratory tests shall be Twenty-One (21) calendar days and the Consultant shall commence work after receipt of Notice to Proceed.

24. Auger Boring is a simple and cost-effective boring technique which can be used for almost all types of soil apart from gravelly soil and rocks. This technique encounters difficulty in gravelly soil and special drilling bits are needed for rocks. It is used to collect disturbed soil specimen. It collects the soil sample from a maximum practical depth of nearly 35m based on the available time and equipment type.

25. Rotary drilling method of boring is suitable for all types of soil including rocks. It is used to take disturbed as well as undisturbed soil sample. So, it is specifically applicable for stiff soil layers.

26. Wash boring method is used to collect disturbed and undisturbed samples in almost all types of soils except rocks. In this technique, portable, cheap, and limited equipment is used which is an advantage of wash boring.