Science_T4_2022

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are light and sound convert-able forms of energy?

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1

are light and sound convert-able forms of energy?

yes

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2

light energy can be converted via;

photosynthesis, solar panels

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3

sound energy can be converted via;

microphones

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4

thermal energy (aka heat) is transferred via: (3 things)

conduction, convection, radiation

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5

conduction occurs in

solids

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6

convection occurs in

liquids and gases

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7

radiation occurs in

anywhere! even in a vacuum

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8

heat travels faster when:

moving particles vibrate against more, which vibrate against more, etc.

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9

heat conduction travels at different speeds, depending on the type and state of matter. state the materials, worst to best:

gases are poor liquids are okay solids are fastest within solids, metals tend to be better since they're denser

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10

sound and light travel as ;

waves

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11

what are the two types of waves

transverse waves, i.e. water waves), and longitudinal waves (aka compression waves), i.e. sound waves

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12

transverse waves work via;

the medium carrying the wave oscillates UP and DOWN PERPENDICULAR to the direction of energy transfer. consists of a series of crests and troughs.

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13

longitudinal waves work via;

the particles move PARALLEL to the propagation direction of the waves. consists of a series of COMPRESSIONS and RAREFACTIONS.

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14

a wavelength is

the distance between two adjacent crests

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15

amplitude is

the maximum distance that each particle moves away from its resting/equilibrium position.

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16

amplitude DETERMINES:

loudness

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17

a period is

the time it takes for one COMPLETE wave to pass a given point, in SECONDS

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18

frequency is

the number of COMPLETE WAVES that pass a point in ONE second. it's measure in waves per second, or HERTZ (Hz).

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19

frequency determines

pitch -- the higher the frequency, the closer the waves are together, and the higher the sound is.

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20

speed is

the horizontal speed of a POINT on a wave as it propagates itself, in meters per second

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21

sound energy is carried

as compression waves; just air particles being pushed together and spread apart

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22

sound can't travel through

empty space

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23

hertz are named after...

heinrich hertz, who first detected radio waves in 1887

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24

sound waves travel faster in mediums whose particles are

closer together, and its slower when the particles are further apart

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25

why do sound waves move faster in warm air?

the particles have more kinetic energy, so they move quicker

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26

sounds with frequencies higher than humans can hear is called

ultrasound. an example of this is dolphins

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27

what are two uses of ultrasound

sending a sound wave through a mother's body to get an image of the child, and sonar along the ocean floor

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28

a cathode ray oscilloscope converts sound energy into

electrical energy, allowing it to be studied

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29

a cathode ray oscilloscope detects sound using what:

the air pressure changes. it produces a graph called a waveform.

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30

the dB (decibel) scale increases by powers of 10 per HOW MANY dB?

10dB. if 0dB is the quietest audible sound, 30 dB is 10^3 (1000) times louder than that, 40 will be 10^4 (10 000) times louder, etc.

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31

any sound above WHAT dB can cause hearing loss:

above 85 dB. you know it's above this if you have to raise your voice to be heard by someone else.

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32

filler card

filler card

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33

epicenter

the point at the surface of the earth directly above the focus

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34

fault

a fracture in the rocks that make up the earth's crust

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35

focus of an earthquake

the point within the earth where an earthquake starts

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36

seismic waves

waves that transmit the energy released by an earthquake

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37

plates

massive rocks that make up the outer layer of earth's surface and whos movement along faults triggers earthquakes

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38

types of plate boundaries

divergent, convergent, transform

<p>divergent, convergent, transform</p>
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39

two main categories of seismic waves:

body waves (through the body of the earth) and surface

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