CHEM 106 FINAL

The dramatic temperature changes on the moon between day and night are not seen on the earth because of what property of water?

high heat capacity

Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to

evaporate a liquid

Soft water contains relatively large concentrations of 

  

sodium ions

The EPA drinking water standard for arsenic is 0.030mg/L. What is this concentration in ppm? 

0\.030

Fluorides are added to water to

prevent tooth decay

Which of the following statements about bottled drinking water is true?

bottled mineral water often contains more dissolved ions than tap water

Advanced treatment of wastewater can include any of the following except

sand and gravel filtration

consumption of water with high levels of nitrates is particularly hazardous to

infants

which part of the water supply is most isolated from the purifying capacity of the water cycle

groundwater

Water's unique properties, including its high heat capacity, high density, and a solid phase that is less dense than its liquid phase, can best be attributed to

the polarity of the molecule and hydrogen bonding between the molecules

The SI unit of energy is

Joule

When the overall equation for the photosynthesis process is written and balanced, how many molecules of water are required to make one glucose molecule, C6H12O6?

6

How many joules of energy will a stock tank heater rated at 400 watts use in a 48 hour period? 

400 x 48 x 3600

All of the following examples are classified as potential energy EXCEPT

energy of a moving object

Chemical reactions that release heat to the surroundings are endothermic reactions. 

false

According to kinetic-molecular theory, reactions occur more rapidly at higher temperatures because

molecules collide more frequently at higher temperatures  

molecules move faster at higher temperatures 

molecules have more energy at higher temperatures

The decomposition of 2 moles of water to hydrogen and oxygen requires 137 kcal of energy. The reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form 2 moles of water

releases 137 kcal

Which of the following does NOT result in an increase in entropy?

student cleans his dorm room

which of the following is not made from petroleum

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Tires

plastics

detergents

perfumes

Tires

Which problem do all power plants have in common? 

Thermal Pollution

When coal burns

chemical energy is converted to heat energy

Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with nuclear power plants?

air pollution

Biomass may be burned directly or chemically converted to a more convenient form (liquid or gas). Which of the following statements is true?

The conversion of biomass to a more convenient form decreases the overall efficiency of the energy conversion.

Which pollutants are reduced in concentration by catalytic converters? 

Nitrogen oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO)

The presence of nitrogen dioxide in smog is most easily recognized by its

color

An atmospheric inversion is a phenomenon that may have disastrous effects with respect to air pollution. An atmospheric inversion occurs when a 

lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air

The most abundant fossil fuel in the United States is

coal

Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis?

O2

A student mixes compound A with compound B and notices that a chemical reaction occurs. The temperature of the mixture decreases. The reaction is ____________.

Endothermic

Approximately what percentage of the energy used to support our current lifestyle comes from fossil fuels?

over 85%

How much heat, in kilojoules, is released when 12.3 grams of H2(g) reacts with plenty of O2(g) to form steam (H2O(g)) according to the following equation? 

2H2(g) + O2(g) ⟶ 2H2O(g) + 483.60kJ

1\.48 x 10^3 kJ

If we shine a green laser on a sheet of metal, we are able to quantify that electrons are emitted from the metal's surface. Which other colored lasers would cause the metal to emit electrons? 

purple and blue

Based on the temperature change observed in the bottle, what type of reaction (in terms of energy change) was performed? 

exothermic

As the rate of carbon dioxide emissions increases, the effects of global warming also increase. 

true

What molecule(s) is/are responsible for the Greenhouse Effect, which traps energy (in the form of heat) in the atmosphere and sends it back towards the earth?

Methane

CO2

water vapor

Nitrous oxide

Refer to the chemical equation for the combustion of octane (be sure to balance the equation) and the given useful information: 

C8H18 + O2 ⟶ CO2 + H2O

1 pound = 453 grams

Density of octane = 0.070g/cm3

1 gallon = 3.79 liters

.37 kilograms of octane must burn to emit 25 pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 

This is equivalent to 1.4 gallons of octane. 

All of the following are properties of hydrocarbons EXCEPT

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They burn readily

their boiling points increase as the number of carbons increases  

they are good solvents for nonpolar substances

they have a higher density than water

they have a higher density than water

A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen and which has only single bonds between atoms is classified as an

alkane

The condensed structural formula for the molecule below is

\n CH3CH2CH2(CH3)2CH3

Which of the following is an alkene? 

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benzene

propene

acetylene

heptane

propene

The name of the three carbon alkane is ___________. 

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propane

A compound that has at least one double bond is aromatic.

false

What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH2CH2CH3?

butane

Organic compounds that contain a benzene ring or possess certain properties similar to those of benzene are called _______ compounds.

aromatic

Which of the following options completes the sentences correctly? 

The general formula RCOOH belongs to the __________ family, the general formula ROH belongs to the __________ family, and the general formula RNH2 belongs to the __________ family. 

carboxylic acid, alcohol, amine

All of the following contain more than one hydroxyl group EXCEPT 

methanol

Which statement about Methane is incorrect?

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It is the most simple alkane.

It is the largest component of natural gas. 

It has an odor similar to that of a sewer.  

It is highly flammable.

 

It has an odor similar to that of a sewer. 

Which of the following is the most likely to ignite slowly and produce a large amount of smoke when burned?

Octane, C8H18

Which of the compounds below is likely to form a metallic mirror on test tube walls when added to a mixture of aqueous silver nitrate and sodium hydroxide? 

\

Which of the following is the correct reason that a Tollens' test can distinguish between aldehydes and ketones? 

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Neither ketones nor aldehydes are readily oxidized.  

Ketones are readily oxidized.

Both ketones and aldehydes are readily oxidized.

Aldehydes are readily oxidized.

Aldehydes are readily oxidized.

The word polymer means

many parts

Natural polymers which carry the coded genetic information that makes each individual unique are

nucleic acids

A copolymer is composed of  

 

two or more different monomers

High-density polyethylene is composed of primarily------- chains of polyethylene in a close packing arrangement whereas low-density polyethylene is composed of primarily-------chains of polyethylene in a diffuse packing arrangement.

linear, unbranched

plystyrene

Thermoplastic polymers may be

heated and reformed

Which of the following types of carbon consists of one-atom-thick planar sheets of carbon?

graphene

This formula in which n can be a very large number represents which of the following polymers?

polypropylene

Vulcanization makes rubber

hard

The segment of a polymer shown below represents a

polyethylene

Which of the following elements is NOT found in carbohydrates? 

chlorine

Lactose could be considered to be a 

milk sugar

From an organic chemistry perspective, carbohydrates are polyhydroxy _____________. 

aldehydes and ketones

Complex carbohydrates are essentially polymers of 

glucose

Animal starch is 

glycogen

The molecular formula for glucose is 

\n C6H12O6

The body stores most excess glucose as

fat

Persons with lactose intolerance ___________________

lack the enzyme for the breakdown of lactose

 

Which of the following statements about the ability of humans to digest cellulose is correct?

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We cannot digest cellulose, because it has beta linkages between glucose units

We can digest cellulose, because it has no branches

We can digest cellulose, because it is made from glucose molecules

We cannot digest cellulose, because it is highly branched

 

We cannot digest cellulose, because it has beta linkages between glucose units

A soap has a long hydrophilic tail and a charged hydrophobic head. 

False

What ions make water "hard"?

Ca 2+

Fe 2+

Mg 2+

An agent that stabilizes the suspension of nonpolar substances in water is called a ____________.

Surfactant

In cleaning, soap acts as a(n) __________ between "dirt" and water. 

emulsifier

In hard water, soaps are converted to ____________________.

insoluble salts

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of soap? 

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Soap is an excellent cleaner in hard water.

Soap is biodegradable.

Soap is relatively nontoxic.

Soap is derived from renewable resources.

 

Soap is an excellent cleaner in hard water.

The molecule shown below is a ___________.

detergent

Surfactants that carry a negative charge are known as cationic surfactants. 

True

Optical brighteners work by

absorbing ultraviolet rays and emitting blue rays

Bleaches work by.

changing the structure of color-producing groups called chromophores to make them colorless.

The polysaccharide shown below contains which type of linkage between monomers?

B (1-4)

Which statement about SPI codes (which can be found on polymer products represented by a number enclosed in a clockwise triangular arrow) is correct?

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The number indicates how often the plastic has been recycled.

The number assigned to the polymer product identifies a particular group of plastics possessing a particular set of properties.

The number used indicates how difficult the item is to recycle.

The code is established by the American Chemical Society.

 

The number assigned to the polymer product identifies a particular group of plastics possessing a particular set of properties.

A relatively small molecule with more than 10 amino acids is called a

polupeptide

How many different tripeptides can be made that contain serine, glycine, and phenylalanine?

6

What is the chemical nature of proteins?

Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and (usually) sulfur. About 20 different amino acids are incorporated by the genetic code. They are polyamides.

The interactions between different chains in a protein contribute to its __________ structure.

quaternary

Which of the following is NOT involved in determining the tertiary structure of a protein?

ester bonds

One model to explain the inhibition of enzymes involves having the inhibitor bind to the enzyme at a site distant from the active site. The enzyme then changes shape so that the substrate no longer fits into the active site

true

Which nucleotide is only present in RNA?

uracil

Which of the following amino acids can form disulfide bridges?

cystenine

All of the following provide adequate amounts of all essential amino acids except

corn

pyrimidines have only one ring, while purines have two.

true

Nucleotides in nucleic acids are joined by links through the

phosphate groups

 

Which food contains all of the essential amino acids? c

cheese

The recommended range for daily caloric intake is that a person get 20% to 35% of calories from

fat

It is estimated that minerals compose _________ percent of the mass of the human body.

4

Vitamins can be grouped into two broad categories: 

fat soluble and water soluble

What is the safest way to supplement your vitamin A intake? 

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with an intake of Beta-carotene

Fiber in the diet appears to benefit individuals with all of the following EXCEPT

scurvy

Which of the following is NOT a purpose for combining food with additives?

  

Additives have been used for all of the purposes given

Potassium iodide is added to table salt to prevent

goiters

BHA and BHT help preserve the quality of packaged food by

scavenging free radicals, consequently stopping fats from becoming rancid