Medical Terminology Exam Review

Flashcards for reviewing key medical terminology and definitions based on the lecture notes.

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix.

Peristalsis

Wavelike movement as food travels through the digestive tract.

Hiatal hernia

Protrusion of stomach into esophagus.

Cholecystectomy

Surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Jaundice

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood.

Diverticulosis

Abnormal pouches lining the intestines.

Ileus

Loss of peristalsis resulting in obstruction of the intestines.

Hematemesis

Vomiting of blood.

Dysphagia

Painful swallowing.

Dyspepsia

Painful digestion.

Herniorrhaphy

Repair by stitching or suturing a hernia.

Emetic

Promotes vomiting.

Nephrolithiasis

Kidney stone (renal calculi).

Glomerulonephritis

Inflammation of the filtering unit of the kidney.

Oliguria

Scanty or little urination.

Polyuria

Excessive or much urination.

Dysuria

Difficult urination.

Enuresis

Bed wetting; condition of being in urine.

Cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder.

Hematuria

Blood in the urine.

Cystoscopy

Visual examination of the urethra and urinary bladder.

Lithotripsy

Crushing a kidney stone.

Gravida

Pregnant.

Para

To bring forth or deliver; indicates number of births.

Salpingectomy

Removal of the uterine (fallopian) tubes.

Ovarian follicle

Small sacs within each ovary that contain the ovum (egg).

Cervix

Narrow, lowermost portion of the uterus.

Endometriosis

Condition of endometrial tissue located outside the uterus.

Anovulatory

Absence of ovulation.

Oophorectomy

Surgical removal of an ovary.

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation.

Hysterectomy

Surgical removal of the uterus.

Placenta previa

Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening.

Cryptorchism

Congenital condition in which one or both testicles do not descend.

Vasectomy

Bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens.

Androgen

Male hormone.

Aspermia

Condition of no sperm.

Orchiectomy

Castration in males; removal of testes.

Orchiopexy

Surgical procedure to fixate testicles.

Azoospermia

Lack of sperm in semen.

Prostatic hyperplasia

Abnormal growth of prostatic tissue.

CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid; clear fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.

Analgesia

No sensitivity to pain.

Subdural hematoma

Collection of blood between the dura and arachnoid membranes.

Paresthesia

Abnormal feelings or sensations.

Ataxia

Without coordination; persistent unsteadiness.

Multiple sclerosis

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS.

Cephalgia

Headache.

Aphasia

Difficulty with speech.

Anesthesia

Lack of normal sensation.

Causalgia

Burning nerve pain.

SA Node

Location where electrical impulse is initiated in the heart.

Bradycardia

Slow heart rate; less than 60 beats per minute.

Infarction

Mass of dead tissue in the heart.

Aneurysm

Local widening of an arterial wall.

Heart block

Failure of proper conduction of impulses through the heart.

Angiogram

X-ray image of blood vessels after injection of contrast material.

Atherosclerosis

Deposits of plaque in the lining of arteries.

Ischemia

Holding back of blood leading to inadequate supply to parts of the body.

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

Fibrillation

Quivering or irregular heartbeat.

Cyanosis

Condition of blue coloration of skin caused by deficient oxygen in the blood.

Bronchiole

Small bronchial branches that narrow into alveolar ducts.

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx.

Lobectomy

Removal of a section of the lung.

Orthopnea

Easier breathing in the upright position.

Expectoration

Clearing of secretions from the airway by coughing or spitting.

Pneumothorax

Air in the chest due to a hole in the lung.

Atelectasis

Collapsed lung.

Sputum

Material expelled from the respiratory tract.

Asphyxia

Lack of pulse.

Auscultation

Listening to sounds within the body.

Anisocytosis

Cells are unequal in size.

Hemolysis

Destruction of red blood cells.

Leukemia

Increase in cancerous white blood cells.

Anticoagulant

Prevents clotting of blood.

Hematocrit

Percentage of packed red blood cells.

Anemia

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin.

Hypochromic

Deficient in color.

Plasmapheresis

Centrifuge spins blood to remove plasma.

Microcytosis

Condition of smaller than normal erythrocytes.

Hemophilia

Excessive bleeding caused by lack of clotting factor.

Hematoma

Collection of blood.

Thymoma

Malignant tumor of the thymus gland.

Lymphadenitis

Inflammation of lymph nodes.

Mononucleosis

Infectious disease transmitted by the Epstein-Barr virus.

Opportunistic infection

Infectious diseases associated with AIDS.

Splenomegaly

Enlargement of the spleen.

Lymphocytopenia

Decreased number of lymphocytes.

Scoliosis

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

Laminectomy

Removal of the lamina to relieve spinal cord compression.

Osteomalacia

Softening of bones due to Vitamin D deficiency.

Osteoporosis

Loss of bony tissue.

Osteomyelitis

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow.

Ankylosis

Condition of stiffness.

Bursitis

Inflammation of the bursa.

Tenorrhaphy

Suturing of a tendon.

Arthroplasty

Surgical repair or replacement of a joint.

Myalgia

Pain in a muscle.

Atrophy

Decrease in size or development of an organ.