APUSH Period 7b Vocab

Teapot Dome

came to light after Harding's death, Albert Fall leased oil fields to businesses in exchange for bribes, major scandal which tarnished Harding's reputation

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages - 18th Amendment

Scarface Al Capone

He was the most successful gangster of the Prohibition era whose Chicago-based criminal empire included bootlegging, prostitution, and gambling.

flapper

New/secular view of women was one in which they could smoke, drink, dance, wear anything, attend parties, the modern/liberated woman of the 1920s

The Scopes "Monkey Trial"

A HS biology teacher, John Scopes, was charged with teaching evolution, trial received MASSIVE media coverage, prominent attorneys defended him, trial proved to be a reflection of the battle between Science and Religion rather than a defining point

Conspicuous consumption

spending on luxuries, increased dramatically in the 1920s

Langston Hughes

A leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court decision, concept of separate but equal

stock market crash

Another leading component to the start of the Great Depression. The stock became very popular in the 1920's, then in 1929 in took a steep downturn and many lost their money and hope they had put in to the stock.

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

The Dust Bowl

Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.

public works programs

New Deal government funded projects to build public facilities (ex: WPA, and TVA)

Bonus Army

Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their government war bonuses in cash

Franklin Roosevelt

President of the US during Great Depression and World War II, promised a "new deal for the American people," won a large victory

fireside chats

informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people, explained his programs to the people

bank holiday

FDR closed all US banks while Congress considered reform, created relief to the banking crisis

Emergency Banking Act

gave the President power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened, immediately helped stabilize the banking system

New Deal

name given to the Roosevelt programs designed to address the problems after the Great Depression, permanently altered Federal government and its relationship to society by constructing federal welfare system, relief, recovery, and reform

Social Security

federal program of disability and retirement benefits that covers most working people

National Labor Relations Board

formed to force employers to negotiate with labor unions

Social Security Act

established and Unemployment insurance was created for workers laid off their jobs

Works Progress Administration

created to provide work for the unemployed building schools, post offices, etc.

court packing scheme

FDR felt Supreme Court was too conservative for his programs, proposed an "overhaul" to the system in which he would add six new justices, was strongly opposed by Congress and the American public, never occurred

Adolf Hitler

born in Austria, 1889, failed in secondary school, rejected from art school, served in the German army during WWI. entered politics by joining a small extremist group, gained control of group by 1921

National Socialist German Workers Party

(Nazi Party) was a far-right, racist political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945.

Mein Kampf

"My Struggle"-a book written by Adolf Hitler during his imprisonment, Extreme German nationalism, anti-semitism, anti-communism, Germany was a superior nation, should control rest of population

Reichstag

The German parliament, which existed in various forms, until 1945.

Benito Mussolini

After gaining control of Fascist party in Italy, was asked to create a government by Italian King, after a few years of nominal democratic rule, became dictator of the country, attempted to transform the country into totalitarian state

Nuremberg Laws

1935 laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood.

Kristallnacht

(Night of Shattered Glass), Nazis burned synagogues, destroyed Jewish homes and businesses, over 7,000 Jewish males sent to Concentration Camps

Rhineland

Hitler believed Germany needed more land, sent troops here, a part of Germany where no troops were allowed (demilitarized), this was in direct violation of Treaty of Versailles

Rome-Berlin Axis

the alliance between Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler), later joined by Japan

Anschluss

Hitler used influence of Nazi Party in Austria to annex the country to Germany

Sudetenland

Hitler demanded to be given this land, part of Czechoslovakia, met with leaders of Britain and France at the Munich Conference, GB and France accepted the demands in return for Hitler's promise to expand no further, Germany then took over Czechoslovakia

blitzkrieg

(lightning war), German attack on Poland, German forces crushed the Polish army, Poland surrendered in under four weeks

Cash and Carry

policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.

Neutrality Acts

acts designed to keep America isolated, enacted an embargo of any military-type goods/financial support against warring nations

Destroyers for Bases

transferred 50 old US destroyers to Britain in exchange for air/sea bases

Lend/Lease

allows America to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered "vital to the defense of the U.S."

Atlantic Charter

In April of 1941, FDR met with Churchill, they agreed to "common principles," which was the destruction of the Nazis

Stalingrad

Hitler ordered the invasion of the USSR, German troops quickly advanced, smashing Soviet forces, an early winter stopped the German advance, Germans were defeated at the Battle of _____, critical turning point

Pearl Harbor

Japan launched surprise attack against US Pacific Fleet here, Japanese planes destroyed most of the US Pacific Fleet, hundreds of American planes

Axis Powers

Germany
Italy
Japan
Other nations including Albania, Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, Romania

Allied Powers

Great Britain
Soviet Union
United States
Over 40 other countries, including France (Free France), Canadam Australia, China, New Zealand

Coral Sea

A naval battle in the Pacific, prevented Japanese invasion of Australia

Midway

naval battle, US destroyed 4 Japanese carriers, allowing US to reclaim Naval superiority in the Pacific

Holocaust

the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler

Final Solution

Hitler's plan for genocide of Jews and other "inferior" groups, Jews were shot by mobile killing groups, killed at death camps/concentration camps

Legacy of War

Children in Britain were sent to the countryside, or even US/Canada to escape bombings (Japan/Germany also moved children outside of cities)

War Bonds

US issued these to finance the war, essentially loans from the American Public, raised over $180 billion, limited inflation, helped unite Americans on the home front to the war effort

Executive Order No. 9066

Issued by FDR, sent Japanese-Americans to internment camps for the remainder of the war

internment camps

Detention centers where more than 100,000 Japanese Americans were relocated during World War II by order of the President

Korematsu vs the US

Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of the relocation order

War Productions Bond

helped organize/orchestrate the production of materials for the war effort, American industry produced a staggering amount of munitions and supplies, which immediately soaked up and idle workers

the production miracle

The staggering amount of war production by the American economy during WWII is called this