Chapter 9 Body Systems Assignment Answers Definitions

Homeostasis

Keeping the body balanced and stable.

Metabolism

The process of turning food into energy.

Organs

Body parts that perform special jobs.

Tissues

Groups of cells working together.

What are the three layers of skin?

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.

Epidermis

Outer layer of the skin; protects the body.

Dermis

Middle layer of the skin; contains nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands, and hair follicles.

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

Fat layer of the skin; cushions and keeps body warm.

What are the three functions of the skin?

Protects the body from injury and germs, helps control body temperature, allows feeling of touch, heat, cold, and pain.

What changes occur in the skin as people age?

Skin becomes thinner, dry, develops wrinkles, bruises easier, hair turns gray, nails become thick and brittle, and less sweating.

What is the role of ROM exercises?

Keep joints flexible, prevent stiffness, and help muscles stay strong.

What are the aging changes in the musculoskeletal system?

Bones weaken, joints stiffen, muscle strength decreases, height may decrease, and movement becomes slower.

Skeletal Muscle

Moves bones voluntarily.

Cardiac Muscle

Found only in the heart.

Smooth Muscle

Found in organs and works automatically.

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

What are the three main sections of the brain?

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.

Frontal Lobe

Responsible for thinking, speech, and movement.

Parietal Lobe

Processes touch and temperature sensations.

Occipital Lobe

Responsible for vision.

Cerebellum

Responsible for balance and coordination.

Brainstem

Controls breathing and heartbeat.

What are three signs to report related to the nervous system?

Confusion, dizziness, and slurred speech.

What are the five sense organs?

Eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin.

Respiration

Breathing process.

Inspiration

Breathing in.

Expiration

Breathing out.

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Kidneys filter wastes from blood, ureters carry urine to the bladder, bladder stores urine, and urethra removes urine from the body.

What changes occur in the urinary system as people age?

Bladder weakens, more frequent urination, less bladder control, and increased risk of infection.

What are the main functions of the circulatory system?

Carries oxygen and nutrients, removes wastes, helps fight infection, and helps control body temperature.

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood back to the heart.

What are the aging changes in the respiratory system?

Lungs become less elastic, breathing muscles weaken, less oxygen exchange, more shortness of breath.

What does the lymphatic system do?

Removes extra fluid and helps fight infection.

What are the differences between nonspecific and specific immunity?

Nonspecific immunity provides general defense; specific immunity targets certain germs.

What are the signs to report related to the immune system?

Fever, swollen lymph nodes, and signs of infection.

Male sex glands

Testes.

Female sex glands

Ovaries.