Unit 2 - Gilded Age Review

Gilded Age

The time period where industrialization was prevalent

Industrialization

The development of industry on an extensive scale

Robber Barron

Leaders of businesses that employed questionable business tactics

Free Enterprise

The government doesn't interfere with the economy

Steel industry

The industry that makes steel and steel products

Bessemer Process

The process made by Andrew Carnegie that revolutionized the steel industry

Laissez Faire

The government doesn't interfere with the economy

Electricity and the Lightbulb

An invention made by Edison made production faster

Working conditions of Factories

Poor, dirty, and unsanitary. Typically dangerous as it is not safe.

Oil

Provides fuel and wealth to the U.S

Mining

Gold and silver improved the economy financially

J.P Morgan

Powerful banker that financed railroads and companies

Andrew Carnegie

Dominated the steel industry

John D. Rockerfeller

Capitalized the oil industry

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Established a railroad tycoon to help aid in transport of goods.

Populist Party

An agrarian-based movement that focused on improving the lives of farmers.

William Jennings Bryan

Main leader of the populist cause

Westward Expansion

The movement of settlers westward on the Great Plains

Exodusters

Former slaves that left the south for better economic opprotunity

Gorras Blancas

'White Caps' - Mexican Americans that tried to reclaim their land and prevent further seizures

Chinatowns

Places where Chinese Americans would live in order to preserve their culture

Barrios

Places where Mexican Americans would live in order to preserve their culture

The Homestead Act

Grants Americans that move west 160 Acres of land

The Transcontiental Railroad

A rail line that spanned the entirety of the U.S

Electricity

The revolutionary discovery that allowed production to occur faster

Cattle Boom

Soil in the west allowed for cattle to sustain; better economic opportunity

Push Factors of Westward Expansion

Overcrowding, Need for jobs, Oppression (Religious or Ethnic)

Pull Factors of Westward Expansion

Land, Riches, Jobs and Opportunities, Technological advancements

Dawes Act and Significance

Broke up tribal lands without the consent of the Native Americans - Increased tensions between settlers and Natives

Indian
Citizenship
Act and Significance

Granted citizenship to all Natives born in the U.S - Further assimilated Natives into the U.S culture

Native
American
Boarding
Schools and Significance

Put Native American children into the American school system and education - Further assimilated Natives into the U.S culture

Buffalo
Soldiers and Significance

Protected U.S soldiers, built infrastructure, and guarded the U.S mail - Further threatened the Native Americans using force

How the
transcontinental railroad
led to expansion west

Promoted rapid development in the west by the faster travel of goods

The relationships
between settlers, natives,
and the military during
westward expansion

Tense and violent due to the settler and native American conflicts.

How new
technology helped settlers
claim the west

Made production faster and more efficient; led to faster and more industrialization

The Native
American Experience
during Westward
Expansion

They were driven out of their land and forced out of their culture

The lasting impact
of Westward Expansion on
the Environment

Factories and travel caused excessive waste which expelled into the atmosphere and soil

Immigration

The movement from one place to another; Mainly from China and Europe

Political Machines

Organizations that give money, jobs, or power to people for votes

Nativism

Protecting Natives at expense of immigrants

Assimilation

Brining people from other cultures into another to fit the status of a society

Boss Tweed

Stole money from New York Taxpayers

Black Separation (Separatism)

The philosophy that believed black people needed to work hard to prove they were deserving of rights and the abolishment of segeration

Black Integration (Integratism)

The philosophy that believed black people should be granted rights immediately.

Jim Crow

A set of laws that enforced segregation and racial discrimination

Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

"equal but separate accommodations for whites and colored individuals" The case that started segregation

Lynching

The hanging of black people

Ida B. Wells

Confronted those in the woman's suffrage movement on anti-blackness and lyncing

Jacob Riis

A muckraker who focused on the living conditions of workers

Upton Sinclar

Wrote the jungle, a paper that talked about the meat packing industry

Labor Union

A group of workers with similar trade and/or profession

Knights of Labor

A labor union led by Terence V. Powdery that had a diverse amount of workers.