* Major second * Major third * Major sixth * Major seventh
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Diminished interval
An interval that is one half step smaller than perfect or minor
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Augmented interval
An interval that is one half step larger than major or perfect
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Only diatonic augmented or diminished interval
augmented fourth or diminished fifth
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Tritone
The augmentet fourth
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Enharmonic intervals
They sound the same but are spelled differently and function differently
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Doubly augmented interval
When a major or perfect interval is made one whole step larger without changing the letter names of the pitches
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Doubly diminished interval
When a minor or perfect interval is made one whole step smaller without changing the letter names of the pitches
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If the top note is in the major key of the bottom note
then it is **major or perfect.**
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If the top note is a half step lower than the diatonic note would be
then it is a **minor or diminished interval.**
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If the top note is a half step higher than the diatonic note would be
then it is an **augmented interval.**
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If an interval is perfect
then both top and bottom pitches **are in the other’s major key.**
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If the same accidental is added to both upper and lower pitches
then the **interval remains the same.**
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If an accidental is added only to the bottom pitch
then **the accidental has the opposite effect** than when added to the note above:
\ * If a flat is added to the lower pitch, the **interval is larger.** * If a sharp is added to the lower pitch, the **interval is smaller.**
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If the lower notes don’t represent a standard key
then **determine what the interval would be without the accidental and adjust.**
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Simple intervals
Intervals that are one octave or smaller in quantity
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Compound intervals
Intervals that are larger than an octave
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Inverted intervals
Intervals are inverted by transferring the lower note an octave higher or by transferring the higher note an octave lower
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The rule of nine
When any simple interval is inverted, the sum of the ascending and descending intervals must add up to nine
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Consonant intervals
Stable
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Dissonant intervals
Unstable, the impression of activity or tension
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Resolution
The motion of the dissonant interval to the consonant that acts as its goal
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intervals that may exist within any fourt-part composition
* **A-S,** Alto and Soprano * **T-S,** Tenor and Soprano * **T-A,** Tenor and Alto * **B-S,** Bass and Soprano * **B-A,** Bass and Alto * **B-T,** Bass and Tenor
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Chord
A group of pitches that forms a single harmonic idea
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Triad
A three-note chord made up of two intervals stacked in thirds
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Root
The lower note of the chord
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Third
The middle note because its an interval of a third above the root
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Fifth
The upper note, its a fifth above the root
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Tertian harmony
Harmony built on thirds
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Inversions
Triads that have a chord member other than the root as the lowest sounding voice (the bass)
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Root position
The root of the chord is the bass
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First inversion
The third of the chord is in the bass
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Second inversion
The fifth of the chord is in the bass
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Seventh chords
Considered unstable
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Five basic seventh chords
* **Major seventh or major triad** - MM7 * **Dominant seventh or major minor seventh** - Mm7 * **Half-diminished seventh or minor seventh** - dim m7 * **Fully diminished 7** - dim dim7