DP Biology Vocabulary - 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells
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31 Terms
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70S
the size of prokaryotic ribosomes.
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80S
the size of eukaryotic ribosomes.
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Archaea
a domain of prokaryotes.
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Bacteria
a domain of prokaryotes.
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Binary fission
method of prokaryotic cell division.
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Cell wall
non-living carbohydrate-based extracellular material.
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Compartmentalization
seen in eukaryotes; consequence of organelles being membrane-bound.
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
site of synthesis of proteins destined for export or for secretion.
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Eukaryote
organisms with membrane-bound nuclei.
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Exocrine glands
glands that secrete their products into ducts.
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Extracellular matrix
a network of material that is secreted by cells that serves to support, strengthen, and organize cells.
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Flagellum
a relatively long extension of the cell used in locomotion.
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Golgi body
a eukaryotic organelle that modifies proteins after translation.
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Histone
a protein associated with DNA that plays a role in gene expression and the packing of DNA.
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Lysosome
a cellular organelle involved in cellular digestion.
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Naked DNA
DNA not associated with histones or histone-like proteins.
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Nucleoid
a region of the prokaryotic cell where DNA is located.
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Nucleus
membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotes that contains DNA; it is the site of replication and transcription.
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Organelle
a sub-cellular structure or membrane-bound compartment with a distinct structure and function.
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Palisade mesophyll
photosynthetic tissue below the epidermis in a leaf.
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Pilli
extensions of the prokaryotic cell surface membrane used for reproduction.
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Plasmid
extra-chromosomal DNA in a prokaryote.
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Prokaryote
category of a cell without a membrane-bound nucleus: archaea and bacteria.
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rER
rough ER - ER with ribosomes attached.
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Resolution
the ability to see adjacent objects or structures as distinct from each other.
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Ribosome
organelle involved in protein synthesis.
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Scanning electron microscope
an electron microscope that generates a three-dimensional image.
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sER
endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes new membrane and does not have ribosomes attached.
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Svedberg unit
unit of molecule size based on the position that material settles out in a centrifuge tube after spinning. Larger particles tend to settle out faster and so have higher Svedberg values.
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Transmission electron microscope
an electron microscope that produces two-dimensional images.
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Ultrastructure
the detailed structure of a biological entity.