APUSH Period 5 Part 3 Flashcards

Homestead Act

An act that encourages settlement of the Great Plains by allowing people to have land in that area and if farmed for 5 years, 160 acres is given out to that farmer for free

Exodusters

African-Americans who choose to take advantage of the Homestead Act

Pacific Railroad Act

Gives railroad companies land grants in order to connect the Trans-Continental Railroad in Promontory Point, Utah

Morrill Land Grant Act

Gives land to colleges and universities, especially agricultural colleges

Legal Tender Act

U.S. Treasury makes money called greenbacks that aren’t backed by gold or silver

Problems for women with the 14th and 15th Amendment

These amendments extended suffrage but still didn’t give rights to women, so it angered them

National Women’s Suffrage Association

An organization where suffragists including Stanton and Anthony pushed against the 14th and 15th Amendments

American Women’s Suffrage Association

An association for suffragists who supported the 14th and 15th Amendments as steps forward

Women’s movement and alignment with racism

Many suffragists argued that bringing women to the polls would keep Black men in check

Ladies Memorial Associations

Groups where southern women led the effort to build memorials for those that fought, adding to Lost Cause Mythology and keeping the status they had without their husbands

Greenbacks

Money that doesn’t have a back in gold or silver, as defined by the Legal Tender Act

Vagrancy Laws

Southern laws that made it mandatory for African-Americans to be employed

13th Amendment

Constitutional amendment that officially abolishes slavery

Lincoln’s 10% Plan

Said that each southern state would have to have 10% of their white men swear loyalty to the Union in order to rejoin

Freedman’s Bureau

Federal organization directed to help African Americans and poor southern whites establish economic standings by establishing schools and survival resources, led by Oliver Howard

14th Amendment

Gave African-Americans citizenship Constitutionally, provides for equal protection under the law, includes the due process clause, or the right to access the judicial system

Military Reconstruction Act

A new Southern to-do-list that made them back under military control and required them to ratify the 14th Amendment, and have new state constitutional conventions that allow universal male suffrage

Black Codes

State laws that return power to white elites and exert control over blacks, predecessor to Jim Crow Laws

Scalawags

A nickname for white southerners who support equal rights for blacks

Carpetbaggers

A nickname for northerners who go to the south to either help or exploit freed African-Americans

Joint Committee on Reconstruction

Radical Republicans from both the House and Senate band together against the leniency of Johnson and refuse to acknowledge Confederate leaders

Civil Rights Bill 1866

Grants citizenship to African Americans before the 14th Amendment, overturned Dred Scott decision and kills the Black Codes

40 Acres and a Mule

A broken promise to give 40 acre parcels of land claimed by Sherman to blacks for economic stabilization

Johnson’s Stance on Reconstruction

He stated that confederate leaders or rich white confederate elites could not hold public office, but then gives anyone who asks pardons anyways, like Alexander Stephens

Congressional Reconstruction

Reconstruction led by Radical Republicans in Congress as a whole as they override Johnson’s actions

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A bill that gave blacks access to accommodations, theatres, public schools, churches, and cemeteries

White League

A hate group that targets African-Americans through mob violence

15th Amendment

Gave universal male suffrage Constitutionally

Literacy Tests

Impossible literacy tests that were given in order to access the polls in order to restrict blacks of their ability to vote in southern states

Poll Tax

Taxes put on the polls that were intended to deprive poor blacks of their voting rights

Tenure of Office Act

A technically unconstitutional act that states that if the president wants to remove members of his cabinet, he has to get Senate approval to do so

Grandfather Clauses

Made it possible for poor whites to vote past the literacy tests and poll taxes by giving anyone with voting heritage the ability to vote

Impeachment of Johnson

Johnson tries to remove Edwin Stanton from his cabinet, it violates the Tenure of Office trap and makes it grounds for impeachment, is impeached by the House but acquitted by the Senate

Slaughterhouse Cases of 1873

Cases resolved by the Supreme Court that made it illegal for states to give out any other rights that what is stated in the 14th Amendment

Ku Klux Klan

A hate group that targets African-Americans through vigilante attacks and mob violence

Lynching

Vigilante killings performed by members of hate groups

Sharecropper Farmers

Blacks who work on a property to a rich, white landowner, who allows them to farm that land and demands a chunk of their harvest

Enforcement Acts

Acts that made it criminal to deprive African-Americans of their rights and determined Klan behavior as criminal, allowing U.S. troops to protect blacks as necessary

Redeemers

Southern conservatives who are taking back state governments and redeeming them from Republicans

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Railroad companies weren’t adhering to regulations or taxes, created a sham company that made politicians rich and prevented them from looking into their bad practices

Whiskey Ring Affair

Whiskey distillers were trying to avoid taxes and bribed high level officials to turn a blind eye

Panic of 1873

Largest economic recession at this point as caused by speculation, gave blame to Republicans and Grant

Election of 1876

Rutherford B. Hayes is Republican, Samuel Tilden is Democrat, very close election that caused many debates in different states

Compromise of 1877

The Republicans want Hayes to become president, so the Democrats agree if the military is removed in the South, Hayes is elected and does so, ends reconstruction