Studied by 0 peopleanxiety disorder
when ones everyday anxieties become long-lasting and debilitating, interfering with their daily lives and their ability to function appropriately
separation anxiety disorder
when children have enormous difficulty being away from their parents or other major attachment figures and are often reluctant to go anywhere where they might be separated from their parents
school refusal
children fear going to school and often stay home for a long period
selective mutism
children consistently fail to speak in certain social situations, but show no difficulty at all speaking in others
play therapy
children express their conflicts and feelings indirectly by drawing, playing with toys, and making up stories
child-centered therapy
clinician listens carefully to the child, reflects on what the child is saying, shows empathy, and gives unconditional positive regard
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
a childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts along with a persistent irritable or angry mood
oppositional defiant disorder
a disorder in which children are repeatedly argumentative, defiant, angry, irritable, and perhaps vindictive
conduct disorder
a disorder in which children repeatedly violate the basic rights of others and display significant aggression
overt-destructive pattern
individuals display openly aggressive and confrontational behaviors
overt-nondestructive pattern
pattern dominated by openly offensive but non-confrontational behaviors
covert-destructive pattern
characterized by secretive destructive behaviors
covert-nondestructive pattern
individuals secretly commit nonaggressive behaviors different patterns may have different causes
relational aggression
the individual is socially isolated and primarily performs social misdeeds
juvenile delinquents
children between the ages of 8 and 18 who break the law
recidivists
when criminals and delinquents have a history of being arrested
Parent Management Training
a treatment approach for conduct disorder in which therapists combine family and cognitive-behavioral interventions to help improve family functioning and help parents deal with their children more effectively
parent-child interaction therapy
therapists teach parents to work with their child positively and establish appropriate expectations regarding the child
video modeling
family intervention tool for preschoolers that uses video tools to help achieve the same goals as parent-child interaction therapy
videoconferencing
using webcams, a therapist coaches parents through their family interactions
problem-solving skills training
therapists combine modeling, practice, role-playing, and systematic rewards to help teach children constructive thinking and positive social behaviors
Coping Power Program
child-focused approach in which children with conduct problems participate in group sessions that teach them to manage their anger more effectively
treatment foster care
delinquent children with conduct disorders are assigned to a foster home in the community by the juvenile justice system
Elimination Disorders
children repeatedly urinate or pass feces in their clothes, in bed, or on the floor, and these symptoms arent caused by physical illness
Enuresis
a childhood disorder marked by repeated bed-wetting or wetting of ones clothes
family theory
this is the result of disturbed family interactions
cognitive-behavioral theory
this is the result of improper, unrealistic, or coercive toilet training
biological theory
children with this disorder often have a small bladder capacity, weak bladder muscles, and/or disturbed sleep patterns
bell-and-battery technique
common cognitive-behavioral treatment where a bell wakes the child as they start to wet
dry-bed training
children receive training in cleanliness and retention control, are awakened periodically during the night, practice going to the bathroom, and are appropriately rewarded
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
a group of disabilities in the functioning of the brain that emerge at birth or during very early childhood and affect a persons behavior, memory, concentration, and/or ability to learn
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
a disorder marked by the inability to focus attention, or overactive and impulsive behavior, or both
methylphenidate
a stimulant drug commonly used to treat ADHD
token economy program
children receive tokens whenever they attend and respond appropriately, and the tokens can later be exchanged for rewards of various kinds
parent management training
cognitive-behavioral techniques are combined with family interventions to help them deal with their children more effectively
economic factors
poorer children are less likely to be identified as having ADHD
Autism Spectrum Disorder
a developmental disorder marked by extreme unresponsiveness to others, severe communication deficits, and highly repetitive and rigid behaviors, interests, and activities
echolalia
the exact echoing of phrases spoken by others
motor movements
unusual, rigid, and repetitive
hyperreactivity
when individuals seem overstimulated by sights and sounds and appear to be trying to block them out
hyporeactivity
when individuals seem understimulated and appear to be performing self-stimulatory actions
refrigerator parents
parents who are very intelligent yet cold
theory of mind
an awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own beliefs, intentions, and other mental states, not on information that they have no way of knowing
MMR vaccine theory
the vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella might produce autistic symptoms in some children
simultaneous communication
a method combining sign language and speech
augmentative communication systems / communication boards
computers that use pictures, symbols, or written words to represent objects or needs
cognitive-behavioral programs
train parents so that they can apply conditioning and skill-building techniques at home
Intellectual Disability
a disorder marked by intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior that are well below average
Intelligence Quotient
a score derived from intelligence tests that theoretically represents a persons overall intellectual capacity
trisomy 21
a person has three free-floating 21st chromosomes instead of two
phenylketonuria
when a person cant break down the amino acid phenylalanine, and the chemical builds up and is converted into substances that poison the system
fetal alcohol syndrome
a group of problems in a child that result from excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy
anoxia
prolonged period without oxygen during or after delivery
normalization
the principle that institutions and community residences for people with intellectual disability should provide living conditions and opportunities similar to those enjoyed by the rest of society
special education
children with ID are grouped together in a separate, specially designed educational program
mainstreaming / inclusion
the placement of children with intellectual disability in regular school classes
spacing
operant conditioning principle in which one breaks down learning tasks into small steps, giving positive reinforcement for each increment of progress
Individualized Education Program
an education program that details the support services, therapies, and special accommodations to be afforded the child in order for them to achieve proper educational goals
youth clubs
encourage those with ID to take risks and function independently
sheltered workshops
protected and supervised workplaces that train adults with ID to work at a pace and level tailored to their abilities
Meningitis
________ and encephalitis can lead to intellectual disability if not diagnosed and treated in time.
ADHD
________ has been linked to high levels of stress and to family dysfunction.
Stimulant drugs
________ may help reduce childrens aggressive behaviors at home and school.
Recidivists
________: when criminals and delinquents have a history of being arrested.
ASD
People with ________ have a central cognitive disturbance that makes normal communication and interactions impossible.
Hyporeactivity
________: when individuals seem understimulated and appear to be performing self- stimulatory actions.
battery technique
Bell- and- ________: common cognitive- behavioral treatment where a bell wakes the child as they start to wet.
Youth clubs
________- encourage those with ID to take risks and function independently.
Trisomy
________ 21- a person has three free- floating 21st chromosomes instead of two.
Selective mutism
________: children consistently fail to speak in certain social situations, but show no difficulty at all speaking in others.
Motor movements
________- unusual, rigid, and repetitive.
Stimulant medication
________ can improve childrens attention and behavioral control in the short term, but doesnt necessarily lead to meaningful long- term improvements.
Individual therapy
________ and support groups are becoming more available to help the parents of children with autism deal with their own emotions and needs.
Cognitive behavioral programs
________: train parents so that they can apply conditioning and skill- building techniques at home.
workshops
Sheltered ________: protected and supervised workplaces that train adults with ID to work at a pace and level tailored to their abilities.
Methylphenidate
________: a stimulant drug commonly used to treat ADHD.
Hyperreactivity
________: when individuals seem overstimulated by sights and sounds and appear to be trying to block them out.
Enuresis
________: a childhood disorder marked by repeated bed- wetting or wetting of ones clothes.
Antidepressants
________ may be dangerous for some depressed children and teens.
headaches
Symptoms: irritability, ________, stomach pain, disinterest in toys and games.
Anoxia
________: prolonged period without oxygen during or after delivery.
Parent management training
________: cognitive- behavioral techniques are combined with family interventions to help them deal with their children more effectively.
inclusion
Mainstreaming /________: the placement of children with intellectual disability in regular school classes.
Economic factors
________: poorer children are less likely to be identified as having ADHD.
clinician listens
Child- centered therapy: ________ carefully to the child, reflects on what the child is saying, shows empathy, and gives unconditional positive regard.
Clinicians
________ should observe the adaptive functioning of each individual in their everyday environment.
Power Program
Coping ________: child- focused approach in which children with conduct problems participate in group sessions that teach them to manage their anger more effectively.
ethnic minorities
Children from racial /________ are less likely to be treated with stimulant drugs or a combination of stimulants and cognitive- behavioral therapy.
Nonverbal behaviors
________ are often at odds with their efforts at verbal communication.
Echolalia
________: the exact echoing of phrases spoken by others.
Multisystemic therapy
________: approach that aims to make changes across multiple contexts of childrens lives- family dynamics, schools, social lives, community.
Relational aggression
________: the individual is socially isolated and primarily performs social misdeeds.
Anxiety symptoms
________ are more often triggered by thoughts about events that could happen in the future.
Fetal alcohol
________ syndrome: a group of problems in a child that result from excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy.
Video modeling
________: family intervention tool for preschoolers that uses video tools to help achieve the same goals as parent- child interaction therapy.
Symptoms of poor attention
________ are understood as a breakdown in the balance between Type 1 and Type 2 attention processes.
Overall risk of suicide
________ is reduced for the vast majority of children who take the drugs.
Biological theory
________: children with this disorder often have a small bladder capacity, weak bladder muscles, and /or disturbed sleep patterns.
Normalization
________: the principle that institutions and community residences for people with intellectual disability should provide living conditions and opportunities similar to those enjoyed by the rest of society.
vaccine theory
MMR ________: the vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella might produce autistic symptoms in some children.
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