Polarity
determines whether a molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic, which determines its location in proteins.
Van der Waals interactions
are attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of these charges.
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Polarity
determines whether a molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic, which determines its location in proteins.
Van der Waals interactions
are attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of these charges.
Carbon
has 4 electrons in its outer shell.
Hydrophobic molecules:
molecules consisting of mainly nonpolar covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
: electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another.
Heat is released when
hydrogen bonds form.
covalent bond
In a(n) , the s and p orbitals may hybridize, creating specific molecular shapes.
number of bonds
The shape is determined by the arrangement and between atoms.
Phospholipids
are amphipathic molecules.
Atoms
combine to form a molecule with three dimensional shape.
Isomers
: compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties.
A molecules shape is determined by
the positions of its atoms valence electrons.
Nonpolar covalent bond
: equal distribution of charge so molecule doesnt feel the need to interact with other molecules, unlike polar covalent bonds.
Fatty acid tail
: nonpolar /hydrophobic.
The high specific heat of water minimizes
temperature fluctuations to within limits that permit life.
Weak chemical bonds
reinforce shapes of large molecules and help molecules adhere to each other.
Specific heat
: the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1ºC.
ability of ions
The or molecules to dissolve in water.
strongest bonds
Most of the in organisms are covalent bonds that form a cells molecules.
Heat is absorbed when
hydrogen bonds break.
Molecules
with nonpolar bonds (like hydrocarbons) are not very water soluble.
Carbon
can form nonpolar or polar bonds.
Covalent bonds
: formed when the atoms of a molecule share electrons.
Atoms
in molecules with double bonds are linear and dont rotate.
Van der Waals Interactions
: weak, nonspecific attractive force.
Molecules
with polar bonds are water soluble.
Covalent bonds
are not rigid and rotation around single covalent bonds allows molecules to change shape.
Hydrogen bonds
are very weak in comparison to covalent bonds, so it takes very little energy to break in comparison.
Covalent bonds
formed when the atoms of a molecule share electrons
Nonpolar covalent bond
equal distribution of charge so molecule doesnt feel the need to interact with other molecules, unlike polar covalent bonds
Hydrogen bond
force of attraction between a hydrogen in a polar molecule and electronegative portion in another molecule
Ionic bonds
electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another
Van der Waals Interactions
weak, nonspecific attractive force
Evaporative cooling (ex
sweat)
Specific heat
the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1ºC
Isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
Functional groups
groups of atoms with special chemical features that are functionally important
Phosphate head
polar / hydrophilic
Fatty acid tail
nonpolar / hydrophobic