ch 19

organism is most responsible for causing pharyngitis

viruses

Which would typically be present in bacterial pharyngitis but NOT viral pharyngitis?

fever

Which of the following are virulence factors for Streptococcus pyogenes?

• Streptolysins (SLO, SLA)

• M protein

• LTA

• Capsule

• erythrogenic toxin

What virulence factors for Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for the rash seen in scarlet fever?

erythrogenic toxin

Which two would signal that an individual likely has the flu rather than a simple cold?

• high fever

• sudden onset of symptoms

Which sinus cavity is responsible for pain behind the cheekbones when it is infected?

maxillary

various endogenous bacteria and viruses

commonly causes otitis media

adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronovirus

commonly causes the common cold

has a vaccine available to prevent cases from some causes

otitis media

Which disease can have complications such a scarlet fever with erythrogenic rash, rheumatic fever, and autoimmunity?

streptococcal pharyngitis

streptococcal pharyngitis

should always be treated with antibiotics

Which of these is initially handled with "watchful waiting" followed by antibiotics if there is no improvement?

streptococcal pharyngitis

Legionella pneumophila

spread by aerosolized water droplets such as from cooling towers and grocer vegetable misters

Hantavirus

spread by airborne rodent secretions

SARS-CoV-2

known for undergoing constant mutation

Which of the following is responsible for about 40% of community acquire pneumonia and most pneumonia deaths?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Why is it hard to breathe when you have pneumonia?

fluid in the alveoli

ACE2

host cell receptors that SARS uses to gain access to host

Who is most susceptible to bacterial pneumonia?

elderly

What does a chest x ray show when diagnosing pneumonia?

fluid accumulation and inflammation

How does the morphology of Mycoplasma differ from other bacteria?

it does not have a cell wall

reservoir for Legionella

fresh water

VAP stand for

ventilator-associated pneumonia

influenza

caused by viruses with types A, B, and C

respiratory syncitial disease

creates syncitia (large multi-nucleated cells) in the lungs as a result of viral damage

Tuberculosis

exhibits serious drug resistance and an extrapulmonary form that can increase mortality

Which disease is a concern primarily for infants who are too young to be vaccinated?

pertussis

H and N in H1N1 refer to

spike proteins

What is the purpose of the proteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase?

viral entry and release

antigenic drift

Mutation of glycoproteins on a single virus

antigenic shift

Mutation as a result of two virus strains swapping genes during coinfection

What is more likely to lead to the next influenza pandemic?

antigenic shift

What contributes to seasonal flu changes?

antigenic drift

Which flu type can undergo antigenic shift, leading to pandemics?

A

Most flu deaths are due to:

pneumonia caused by the flu

Why is winter the peak season for cold, flu, and RSV?

• people are crowded indoors more

• dry winter air encourages viral spread

What is the hallmark of the catarrhal phase of pertussis?

runny nose

What characteristic of Mycobacterium enables it to survive on surfaces and fomites for a long time?

thick waxy cell wall

What is the difference between primary and secondary tuberculosis?

secondary is more symptomatic

What is another name of the tuberculin skin test?

Mantoux