ownership and control 🎮

bagadikian

recent trends in media ownership and control suggest that the number of companies controlling global mass media has significantly shrunk in recent years

commercial terrestrial tv 📺

controlled by ITV

cable digital and satellite TV 📡

controlled by sky and virgin media (murdoch and branson)

curran

ownership of british media newspapers always been controlled by a few powerful yt men ‘press barons’

7 ppl now dominate the ownership of british newspapers

features of media control

1. vertical integration ↕

2. horizontal integration ↔

3. conglomeration and diversification

4. global conglomeration

5. synergy

6. technological convergence

vertical integration ↕

one company owns all stages of media product production

film studio and cinema

horizontal integration ↔

cross media ownership

1 company owns a newspaper and tv companies

conglomeration and diversification

company has a wide variety of products beside media

virgin owns trains

global conglomeration 🌍

movements of media cooperations into global marketplace

synergy

media companies produce and promote the same products in different forms

TV, DVD, music 📺 📀 🎶

technological convergence

one device being able to access various forms of media

phones 📱

marxist view 🧠🕹

miliband

owners directly control and manipulate content to spread dominant ideology

journalists run the media within boundaries to keep their jobs

curran and seaton

marxist

found evidence that media owners did interfere and manipulate content to benefit themselves

rupert mordoch

media mogul that has influenced media to support tory views

2003 all of his newspapers supported the iraq war because he did

evans

despite the independence of editors, murdoch continued to undermine them to adopt his right wing tory view

marxist view ao3

pluralists - media companies want to make profit. they do this by publishing a diverse ideology. focuses on audience, not owners

deterministic - audiences aren’t passive and gullible. ppl can reject and criticise what they see

the state regulate media ownership so not one owner or company can dominate the audience

neo marxist view 🕵‍♀️

although owners have power, the direct day-to-day control of media is left to managers and journalists

gramsci

neomarxist

hegemonic. ruling class views are dominant, so more widely accepted

GMG

most journalist/managers are yt and MC. share same culture and views as dominant class

sometimes go against dominant ideologies to attract audiences and make a profit

agenda setting and gatekeeping used to maintain dominant ideologies and promote it

neomarxist ao3

marxists - owners inevitably do influence workers. they have power to hire and fire

pluralists - they see the audience as passive and easily swayed, but they are actually active and critical

pluralist view 👩‍💻

media owned by a variety of organizations, not just small elite

pluralists on journalism

journalist have independence to shape news by following ‘news values’

pluralists on audience 🍬🍬

active audience

they can accept/reject/interpret/ignore

agendas set by audience. they can ‘pick and mix’

pluralists on owners

owners profit through high audience figures and therefore provide media according to what the audience want

pluralism ao3

owners still have the power to hire and fire journalists. they can hire high level editors that share the same views to influence media