Behavior disorders final exam

personality disorder

enduring maladaptive patterns for relating to the environment and self, exhibited in a range of contexts that cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress

paranoid personality disorder

Cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality disorder involving pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent

schizoid personality disorder

Cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions

schizotypal personality disorder

Cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricity of behavior

antisocial personality disorder

Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights others

psychopathy

Non-DSM-5 category similar to antisocial personality disorder but with less emphasis on overt behavior. Indicators include superficial charm, lack of remorse, and other personality characteristics

borderline personality disorder

Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and control over impulses

dialectical behavior therapy (DBT

promoting treatment for borderline personality disorder that involves exposing the client to stress in a controlled situation, as well as helping the client regulate emotions and cope with stressors that trigger suicidal behavior

histrionic personality disorder

Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive patter of excessive emotionality and attention seeking

narcissistic personality disorder

Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of grandiosity in fantasy or behavior, need for admiration and lack of empathy

avoidant personality disorder

Cluster C (anxious or fearful) personality disorder featuring a pervasive. pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism

dependent personality disorder

Cluster C (anxious or fearful) personality disorder characterized by a person’s pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, a condition that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of seperation

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder r

Cluster C (anxious or fearful) personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness,perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility openness and efficiency

neurodevelopmentaldisorders

neurologically disorders that are revealed in a clinically significant way during a Childs developing Years

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity and impulsiveness

copy number variants

genes that are deleted as a result of mutations; these deletions mayfly a role in the development of ADHD and other disorders

specific learning disorder

neurodevelopmenta, disorder characterized by academic performance that is substantially below what would be expected given the person’s age, intelligence quotient (IQ) score, and education

childhood-onset fluency disorder

repetitions words or parts of words, as well as prolongations of speech sounds

language disorder

gettin one’s meaning or message across to others (expressive language disorder) or understanding the message coming from others (receptive language disorder)

autism spectrum disorder

a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by significant impairment in social interactions and communications and restricted patterns of behavior, interest, and activity

childhood disintegrative disorder

a pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2-to 4-year period of normal development

rett disorder

progressive neurodevelopment disorder featuring constant hand

‘-winging, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills

pervasive developmental disorder- not otherwise specified

wide-ranging, significant, and long-lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18

joint attention

attention shared by two persons toward an object after one person has indicated interest in the object to the person; this social interaction is limited or absent in people with autism spectrum disorder

prosody

vocal characteristics such as tone and stress; people with autism spectrum disorder often have trouble recognizing and interpreting these vocal cues

naturalistic teaching strategies

instructional techniques that are used with children having neurodevelopment disorder and that move away from traditional desk instruction toward more natural social interactions

intellectual developmental disorder (intellectual disability) (IDD)

adiagnosis recieved when one achieves a significantly below-average score on a test of intelligence and by limitations in the ability to function in areas of daily life

phenylketonuria (PKU)

recessive disorder involving the inability to break down a food chemical whose buildup causes intellectual disability, seizures, and behavior problems. PKU can bed detected by infant screening and prevented by a specialized diet

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

X-linked disorder characterized by intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior

down syndrome

type of intellectual disability caused by achromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic physical appearance. sometimes known as trisomy 21

amniocentesis

prenatal medical procedure that allows the detection of abnormalities (for example, Down syndrome) in the developing fetus it involves remeoval and analysis of amniotic fluid from the mother

chrionitic villus sampling (CVS)

a genetic test conducted during early pregnancy that samples cells found in the placenta (chorionic villi) and assesses possible genetic or chromosomal problems in the fetus

fragile X syndrome

pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in the x chromosome resulting in intellectual disability, learning problems, and unusual physical characteristics

cultural-familial intellectual disability

mild intellectual disability that may be caused largely by environmental influences

Tourette’s disorder

developmental disorder featuring multiple dysfunctional motor and vocal tics

delirium

rapid onset reduced clarity of consciousness and cognition, with confusion, disorientation, and deficits in memory and language

major neurocognitive disorder

gradul deterioration of brain functioning that affects memory, judgement, language, and other advanced cognitive processes

mild neurocognitive disorder q

modest impairment in cognitive abilities that can be overcome with accommodations such as extensive lists or elaborate schedules

agnosia

inability to recognize and name objects; may be a symptom of major neurocognitive disorder or other brain disorders

facial agnosia

type of agnosia characterized by a person’s inability to recognize even familiar faces

Alzheimer’s disease

“strange disease of the cerebral cortex” that causes an “atypical form of senile dementia”, discovered in 1906 by German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer

neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease

condition resulting from a disease that develops most often in people 50 and older, characterized by multiple cognitive defects that develop gradually and steadily

vascular neurocognitive disorder

progressive brain disorder involving loss of cognitive functioning, caused by blockage of blood flow tot he brain, that appears concurrently with other neurological signs and symptoms

head trauma

injury to the head and, therefore, to the brain, typically caused by accidents; can lead to cognitive impairments, including memory loss

frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder

condition that damages the frontal or temporal regions of the brain; behavior or language is negatively affected

Pick’s disease

rare condition that results in early onset neurocognitive disorder

traumatic brain injury

brain damages caused by a blow to the head or other trauma that injures the brain and results in diminshed neurocognitive capacity

neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury

condition resulting from jarring of the brain caused by a blow to the head or other impact; symptoms persist for at least a week after the initial trauma

neurocognitive disorder due to Lewy body disease

neurological impairment that affects people with Lewy body disease, in which protein deposits damage brain cells and gradually cause motor impairments and loss of alertness

neurocognitive disorder due to Parkinson’s disease

Disorder characterized by progressive decline in motor movements; results from damage to dopamine pathways

Parkinson’s disease

degenerative brain disorder principally affecting motor performance (for example, tremors and stooped posture) associated with reduction in dopamine. Major neurocognitive disorder may be a result as well

human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)

disease that causes AIDS

neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection

less common type of neurocognitive disorder that affects people who have HIV; may lead to impaired thinking in advanced stages

aphasia

impairment or loss of language skills resulting from brain damage caused by stroke, Alzheimer’s’s disease, or other illness or trauma

Huntington’s disease

genetic disorder marked by involuntary limb movements and progressing to major neurocognitive disorder

neurocognitice disorder due to Huntington’s disease

neurological disorder that follows a subcortical pattern and is notable for causing involuntary limb movements

neurological disorder due to prion disease

rare progressive neurodegenrative disorder caused by prions, proteins that can reproduce themselves and cause damage to brain cells

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

extremely rare type of prion disease that may result from a number of sources, including the consumption of beef from cattle with “mad cow disease”

substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder

Brian damage caused by prolonged use of drugs, often in combination with a poor diet

deterministic

in genetic genes that lead to nearly a 100% chance of developing the associated disorder. these are rare in the population

susceptibility

in genetics, genes that only slightly increase the risk of developing the disorder, but in contrast to the deterministic genes these are more communion the general population

civil commitment laws

legal proceedings that determine a person is mentally disordered and may be hospitalized even involuntary

mental illness

term formerly used to mean psychological disorder but less preferred because it implies that the causes of the disorder can be found in a medical process

dangerousness

tendency to violence that, contrary to popular opinion is not more likely among mental patients

deinstitutionalization

systematic removal of people3 with severe mental illness or intellectual; disability from institutions like psychiatric hospitals

transinstutionalization

movement of people with severe mental illness from large psychiatric hospitals to smaller group residences

criminal commitment

legal procedure by which a person found not guilty of a crime by reason of insanity must be confined in a psychiatric hospital

diminished capacity

evidence of an abnormal mental condition in people that cause s criminal charges against them requiring intent or knowledge to be reduced to lesser offenses requiring intent or knowledge to be reduced to lesser offenses requiring only reckless or criminal neglect

competence

ability of legal defendants to participate in their own defense and understand the charges and the roles of the trial participants

duty to warn

mental health professionals responsibility to break confidentiality and notify the potential victim whom a client has potential victim whom a client has specifically threatened

expert witnesses

person who because of special training and experience is allowed to offer opinion testimony in legal trials

clinical efficacy axis

one of a proposed set of guidelines for evaluating clinical interventions on the evidence pf the effectiveness (compare with clinical utility axis)

clinical utility axis

one of a proposed set of guideline for evaluating clinical interventions by whether they can be applied affectively set and cost effictively in real clinical settings (compare with clinical efficacy axis)