Ch. 10: Musculoskeletal System

articulation

place of union between two or more bones, also called joint

hematopoiesis

production and development of blood cells, normally in bone marrow

ligaments

connective tissue that surrounds the joint capsule to bind bones to other bones

tendons

connective tissue that binds muscle to bone on either side of a joint

fibers

contractile cells that compose muscle tissue

skeletal muscles

attached to bones and provide the means for movement; voluntary; striated

smooth muscles

responsible for assisting internal processes, such as digestion, circulation, urination; visceral; involuntary

cardiac muscle

forms the myocardium; striated; involuntary

abduction

moves away from midline

adduction

moves closer to midline

flexion

decreases angle of a joint

extension

increases angle of a joint

rotation

moves bone around its own axis

pronation

turns palm downward

supination

turns palm upward

inversion

moves sole of foot inward

eversion

moves sole of foot outward

dorsiflexion

elevates the foot

plantar flexion

lowers foot (points the toes)

fontanels

"soft spots" on skull during infancy

leiomy/o

smooth (visceral) muscle

leiomyoma

tumor of smooth muscle

muscul/o

muscle

my/o

muscle

muscular

pertaining to muscle

myoma

tumor of muscle

rhabd/o

rod-shaped (striated)

rhabdoid

resembling rod-shaped

rhabdomy/o

rod-shaped (striated) muscle

rhabdomyoma

tumor of a rod-shaped (striated) muscle

brachi/o

arm

brachialgia

pain in the arm

carp/o

carpus (wrist bone)

carpoptosis

wrist drop

cephal/o

head

cephalad

toward the head

cervic/o

neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

cervicodynia

pain in the neck

clavicul/o

clavicle (collar bone)

clavicular

pertaining to the clavicle/collar bone

cost/o

ribs

costectomy

excision, removal of ribs

crani/o

cranium, skull

craniotomy

incision of skull

dactyl/o

fingers; toes

dactylitis

inflammation of the fingers; toes

humeroscapular

pertaining to the humerus and scapula

humer/o

humerus (upper arm bone)

metacarp/o

metacarpus (hand bones)

metacarpectomy

excision of hand bones

phalang/o

phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)

phalangectomy

excision, removal of phalanges

radi/o

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

spondyl/o

vertebrae (backbone)

spondylitis

inflammation of vertebrae

intervertebral

pertaining to between the vertebrae

sternad

toward the sternum (breastbone)

thoracodynia

chest pain

calcane/o

calcaneum (heel bone)

calcaneodynia

pain in heel bone

femoral

pertaining to femur/thigh bone

fibul/o

fibula (smaller bone of lower leg)

fibulocalcaneal

pertaining to the fibula and calcaneum

ili/o

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)

iliopelvic

pertaining to ilium and pelvis

ischi/o

ischium (lower portion of the hip bone)

ischiodynia

pain in ischium

lumb/o

loins (lower back)

lumbodynia

lower back pain

metatars/o

metatarsus (foot bones)

metatarsalgia

pain in the foot bones

patell/o

patella (kneecap)

patellectomy

removal of the kneecap

pelv/i

pelvis

pelvimetry

act of measuring the pelvis

pel/vo

pelvis

pelvic

pertaining to pelvis

pod/o

foot

podiatry

medicine, treatment of the foot

pub/o

pubis (anterior part of pelvic bone)

pubococcygeal

pertaining to the pubis and coccyx

tibi/o

tibia (lower bone of the lower leg)

tibiofemoral

pertaining to tibia and femur

ankyl/o

stiffness; bent, crooked

ankylosis

immobility and stiffness of a joint

arthr/o

joint

arthritis

inflammation of a joint

chondr/o

cartilage

chondritis

inflammation of cartilage

fasci/o

band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

fascioplasty

surgical repair of the fascia

fibr/o

fiber, fibrous muscle

fibroma

fiber tumor

kyphosis

humpback condition, upper portion of spine curved

lamin/o

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

laminectomy

excision, removal of the lamina

lordosis

curve, swayback; inward curvature of portion of lower part of spine

myel/o

bone marrow; spinal cord

myelocyte

cell of the bone marrow, spinal cord

orth/o

straight