Scientific Revolution Review

A. New Ideas and Methods in astronomy led thinkers to question the authority of Ancient and Traditional knowledge and developed a ___________ ______ of the cosmos

Heliocentric view

Scientific Revolution

The transition from a medieval view to a secular, rational, and materialistic one that started in the 17th century but popularized in the 18th

Ancient Authorities

Aristotle, Ptolemy, Plato, Socrates, and Galen

Ptolemy

Important astronomer who lived in the second century CE who believed in a geocentric conception of the universe

Aristotle

A great philosopher who helped build the medieval philosphers framework for theuniverse by combining Ptolemy’s writing and Christian theology

Geocentric Conception

Belief that the Earth was at the center of the universe, and the sun + planets revolved around it, with heaven laying beyond them.

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 - 1543)

Polish Mathematician and astronomer who condraticted Prolemy by believing in a heliocentric universe.

Heliocentricism

The belief that the sun is at the center of the universe rather than the Earth

Tyco Brahe (1546 - 1610)

Danish nobleman who joined Copernicus in rejecting the Ptelemic system, but did not support the theory that Earth moves

Johannes Kepler

Brahe’s assistant, who also used his data to arrive at his three laws of planetary motion, which confirmed Copernicus’ theory, but instead suggested that orbits are elliptical. Also stated that the motion of planets is not steady or unchanging.

Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)

Italian Mathematician who was the first to make observations of the sky with atyelescope. He also defended the Copernican system and was condemned by the Roman inquisition

Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems (1632

Galileo’s most famous work, which is what led him to be house arrested

Isaac Newton

One of the greatest scientific revolution thinkers. He explained motion