Chapter 5 pt cert

based on chapter 5 NASM reading

nervous + skeletal + muscular

human movement system or kinetic chain

transmit nerve impulses

axon

gather information to bring back to neuron

dendrites

brain + spinal cord

CNS (central nervous system)

connects CNS to body + environment

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

pathway from body to CNS

afferent/sensory

pathway from CNS to body

efferent/motor

transmit between efferent and afferent

interneurons

voluntary movement

somatic

involuntary processes

autonomic

fight or flight

sympathetic

rest and digest

parasympathetic

sense changes in internal + external environment

sensory function

analyze + interpret sensory information/ decision making

integrative function

response to sensory information

motor function

parallel to muscle fibers, convey body part positions, stretch reflex

muscle spindles

tension/tension change, flexibility, and muscle relaxation

golgi tendon organs

in and around joint capsule, signal extreme positions and initiate reflexive inhibitory response

joint receptors

understand goals + develop strategies with inconsistent results

cognitive / stage 1

begin to understand, practice and refine to reduce error

associative / stage 2

mastery - consistent and can be independently modified

autonomous / stage 3

skull, spine, ribs

axial skeleton

arms, legs, pelvis

appendicular skeleton

bone renewal

remodeling

break down + remove old bone tissue

osteoclasts

form + lay down new bone tissue

osteoblasts

strong + stiff, good at force distribution and shock absorption

long bones

mostly spongy tissue - good at shock absorption

short bones

at sites of friction/tension, joint capsules or where tendons pass over joints

sesamoid bones

flattened or indented spots: fossa or sucus

depressions

protrude from bone: condyles, epicondyles, tuburcles

processes

bone movement

osteokinematics

joint movement

arthrokinematics

greatest capacity for movement; 80% of joints

synovial joints

no joint capsule or cartilage; exhibit little to no movement

nonsynovial joints

fibrous cartilage between vertebrae

intervertebral discs

individual fibers held together by connective tissue - contract + produce movement

skeletal muscle

neurotransmitter - binds to muscle fibers + helps signal cross the synapse

Acetylcholine (ACh)

functional unit of skeletal muscles

sarcomeres

individual muscle cell is called a

muscle fiber

neuron for voluntary movement

alpha motor neuron

alpha motor neuron + innervated muscles

motor unit

chemicals released by nervous system

neurotransmitters

afferent portion of vertebrae

dorsal

efferent portion of vertebrae

ventral