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Ocala Platform
A political agenda adopted by the Farmers' Alliance in 1890, advocating for various reforms including direct election of senators, a graduated income tax, and regulation of railroads.
National Alliance
A coalition of farmers' organizations that aimed to address the economic challenges faced by rural communities and promote agricultural interests through political action.
Farmers’ Alliance
A movement that sought to unify farmers across the United States to combat the influence of monopolies and promote cooperative farming practices.
Interstate Commerce Act (ICC)
Established in 1887 to regulate railroads and ensure fair rates for farmers, addressing issues of price discrimination and monopolistic practices.
Granger Laws
Series of state laws enacted in the late 19th century that aimed to regulate the rates charged by railroads and grain elevator companies.
Cooperatives
Organizations formed by farmers to collectively market their products and purchase supplies, allowing them to gain bargaining power and reduce costs.
National Grange Movement
Established in 1867 as a social and educational organization for farmers, promoting cooperative practices and advocating for agricultural reforms.
Commercial Farming
Refers to the large-scale production of crops and livestock for sale in the market, heavily relying on mechanization.
Literacy Test
Implemented to restrict voting rights, targeting African American voters by requiring reading and writing proficiency.
Poll Tax
Fees imposed on individuals as a prerequisite for voting, disenfranchising low-income citizens.
Grandfather Clause
A legal mechanism allowing individuals to bypass literacy tests and poll taxes if their grandfathers were eligible to vote before the Civil War.
Jim Crow Laws
State and local statutes enacted that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.
Plessy V. Ferguson
A landmark Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.
Crop Lien System
An economic arrangement allowing farmers to obtain credit based on future crops, often leading to cycles of debt for sharecroppers.
New South
Refers to the economic and social changes in the Southern U.S. after the Civil War, marked by a shift from agrarian to industrial economy.
Ghost Dance Movement
A spiritual and social movement among Native American tribes seeking to restore traditional ways of life.
Dawes Severalty Act
Enacted in 1887 to assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots, undermining tribal sovereignty.
Assimilationists
Advocates for Native Americans adopting Euro-American customs and lifestyles, often at the expense of traditional practices.
Indian Wars
Conflicts between Native American tribes and U.S. forces from the late 19th century, sparked by westward expansion.
Frederick Jackson Turner
A historian known for his 'Frontier Thesis,' arguing that the American frontier shaped democracy and character.
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