APWH Unit 4 Test (Multiple Choice)

Which of the following was NOT one of the main inspirations for European exploration?

The desire to conquer China and India

Most of the actual exploration of the Pacific Ocean was carried out by the

English

In their attempt to control the spice trade in the Indian Ocean, the Europeans during the period between the 16th and 18th centuries were

met with limited success because of a lack of personnel

The center of the Spanish commercial activity in Asia was

Manila

The volta do mar

relied on a thorough knowledge of wind patterns

Which of the following men conquered the Moroccan port of Ceuta and sponsored a series of voyages down the west African Coast?

Henry of Portugal

The profitable merchandise that Vasco Da Gama purchased in India was made up of

Pepper and cinnamon

On 12 October 1492, Columbus made landfall on an island that the native Tainos called

Guanahani

The Portuguese dominance of trade was dependent on their ability to

force merchant ships to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties

The Portuguese lost control of the port of Melaka in 1641 when it fell to the

Dutch

Russian merchants and explorers began the expansion into Siberia in the quest for

Furs

The country that finished the seven years' war with global hegemony was

England

In the long term, the Columbian Exchange

increased world population because of the new food crops

By 1750, all parts of the world participated in a global trade network in which Europeans played dominant roles except for

Australia

The Dutch policy in Indonesia was

to control the production of spices

In the end, Portugal was unable to maintain its early domination of trade because

it was a small country with a small population.

From 1500 to 1800, the largest contingent of migrants consisted of

enslaved Africans

Christopher Columbus' decision to sail west to reach Asia was based on

his miscalculation of the distance from the Canary Islands to Japan

The Council of Trent

took steps to reform the Catholic Church

The Spanish leader who sent an armada against England in 1588 was

Philip II

Which one of these states did NOT become a powerful sovereign state during the centuries after 1500?

Holy Roman Empire

That Planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular, was demonstrated by

Kepler

When Volataire urged his readers to "crush the damned thing," he was talking about

the church

The most important consequence of the Peace of Westphalia was

promoting the notion that the Europeans viewed each other as sovereign and equal

Which of the following was NOT one of the policies pursued by Louis XIV?

An attempt to make the nobles an active part of the government

Which of the following was NOT a part of Peter the Great's policy of westernization?

Political Liberalization

The English Civil War ended with the trial and decapitation of

Charles I

Which of the following states developed constitutional governments in the 17th century?

England and the Netherlands

Which of the following factors was NOT one of the reasons for Charles V's failure to build a centralized, sovereign state in the Holy Roman Empire?

Frequent invasions by England

The Spanish Inquisition was first established in 1478 by

Fernando and Isabel

The architect of absolutism was

Cardinal Richelieu

The individual associated with the phrase "l'etat, c'est moi" was

Louis XIV

The Ptolemaic universe was based on

a motionless earth surrounded by nine hollow spheres

The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the 16th century because of the

need for Henry VIII to pay off national debt

The event that inspired Henry VIII to confront the pope was

Henry's desire to gain a divorce

The city that stood as John Calvin's model protestant community was

Geneva

The explosion of witch-hunting in the 16th century was most probably caused by

tensions between Catholics and Protestants

Ignatius Loyola was instrumental in

creating the Society of Jesus

The Encomenderos were

Spanish settlers

The last emperor of the Aztec empire was

Montecuzoma II

Cabeza de Vaca

was a slave under Indian control for eight years

The metis were

individuals of French and indigenous parentage

The British initially made use of Australia

as a penal colony

The area known as New Holland in the 17th century was

Australia

The first plentiful labor force for North America was

indentured servants

Which of the following were methods of resistance to Spanish rule by the native populations of the Americans?

A) Rebellion
B) Halfhearted work
C) Hiding from the Spanish in the mountains or forests
D) All of the above

D) All of the above

For the Spanish, the greatest attraction of the Americas was

precious metals

Which of the following was NOT a difference between the Spanish approach to colonization and that of the English and French?

The English and French viewed the indigenous populations as their equals

Which of the following was NOT true of the American Indians that the English and French came into contact with?

The Indians guarded their claims to private ownership of land even more jealously than Europeans did.

Which of the following sites in North America was originally a Dutch colony?

New York

The Treaty of Tordesillas

split Central and South America between Spain and Portugal.

The power of the viceroys was checked by reviews led by

the audencias

The Portuguese began to show more interest in Brazil

after the establishment of profitable sugar plantations

The two centers of Spanish royal authority in the Americas were

Lima and Mexico City

The last emperor of the Inca empire was

Atahualpa

The capital of the Spanish Carribean was

Santo Domingo

The first people of the Americas to come into contact with the Spanish were the

Tainos

The most important factor in explaining the Spanish victory of the Aztecs and Incas was

the devastating loss of life caused by European borne diseases.

When the Spanish invaded the Aztec empire

many of the subject tribes formed alliances with the Spanish.

Dona Marina was

a Mexican woman who aided Cortes in his conquest of the Aztecs

The conquistadores

eventually lost control and were replaced by formal rule by the Spanish Crown

Brazil was spotted in 1500 by the Portuguese mariner

Cabral

The first great American cash crop, exported initially from Virginia, was

tobacco

All Songhay emperors were

Islamic

The center of Islamic learning in West Africa was

Timbuktu

As part of the triangular slave trade, the Europeans usually picked up slaves in Africa in return for

firearms

The first European slave traders were the

Portuguese

The most important American crop introduced into Africa in the 16th century was

manioc

The founder of the religion that stressed Jesus Christ was a black man and that Kongo was the true Holy Land was

Dona Beatriz

The ruler of the kingdom of Kongo, Affonso I, converted to what religion and encouraged his subjects to convert to as well?

Christianity

The Songhay empire fell in 1591 to

a Moroccan army

Thomas Peters was

central in promoting the establishment of a colony for ex-slaves in Sierra Leone

The rise in maritime trade in early modern era Africa

resulted in regional kingdoms replacing the imperial states of west Africa.

The Black Pioneers were

escaped slaves who fought to maintain British rule in the North American colonies.

The Portuguese referred to Ndongo as Angola because of the word ngola, which meant

king

The first European colony in sub-Saharan Africa was

Angola

A trading post was built at Cape town in 1652 by the

Dutch

The heaviest slave trading took place in the (when)

Eighteenth (18th) century

The only place where a slave revolt actually brought about an end to slavery was

Santo Domingo

Throughout the entire period of trans-Atlantic slavery, the mortality rate for the middle passage was

25%

One of the factors that made African slavery different from the varieties practiced elsewhere was that

African law did not recognize private property and thus slaves served as a measure of personal wealth.

The fulani

attempted, through military conquest to instill a strict form of Islam in Africa.

Islam was most popular in sub-Saharan Africa in

the commercial centers of west Africa and the Swahili city-states.

After the arrival of Europeans to East Asia,

East Asian societies largely controlled their own affairs until the 19th century.

In regard to ruling philosophy and techniques, the Qing:

Followed the same pattern that the Ming had established.

The leader who first organized the Manchu tribes into a centralized state was:

Nurhaci

Which of the following was NOT an action of the Manchus after conquering China?

A. They forbade Chinese from learning the Manchurian language
B. They did not allow the Chinese to travel to Manchuria
C. They encouraged intermarriage between Chinese and Manchus
D. They carefully guarded their own cultural identity.
E. They forced Chinese men to grow a queue as a sign of submission.

C. They encouraged intermarriage between Chinese and Manchus

In 1421, Yongle moved the capital of China to

Beijing

The phrase "Son of Heaven" refers to the

Chinese emperor's role in maintaining order on the earth

The term "native learning" relates to

a growing Japanese emphasis on indigenous traditions

The practice of foot binding

represented the increasing subjugation of women during the Qing dynasty

Foreign trade during the Qing dynasty was

limited and under tight governmental control

China fell behind technologically during the Ming and Qing dynasties in large part because of

the governments favored political and social stability over technological innovation

Beginning in the 1630s and enduring for the next two centuries, Japanese foreign policy included all of the following EXCEPT

A. Forbidding Japanese travel overseas
B. A prohibition on the construction of large ships.
C. Open, vibrant trade with Europeans.
D. A ban on the importation of foreign books.
E. Careful control of trade with Asian lands.

C. Open, vibrant trade with Europeans

The process known as "thinning out the rice shoots" refers to

a Japanese attempt to limit population growth

The Chinese were hesitant to convert to Christianity partly because

of Christianity's exclusivity concerning other beliefs such as Daoism and Buddhism

One of the results of the peace brought by the Tokugawa period was

a reduction in status for the samurai and daimyo

Damiyo were...

powerful Japanese territorial lords

According to Confucian tradition, the most honorable class among the soldiers, peasants, artisans, and merchants was the

Peasants

In an effort to stabilize China internally, the Ming emperors

stressed Chinese traditions from the era before the Mongol yuan dynasty