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23 Terms

1
Academic Art
Sanctioned by the Royal academies, focusing on traditional subjects and highly polished technique.
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2
Apotheosis
Elevation to divine status.
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3
Art for Art's Sake
The painter's first loyalty is to the canvas and not to the outside world or patron.
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4
Barbizon School
Specialized in detailed pictures of forest and countryside without sentimentalism or romanticism.
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5
Class Struggle
The concept highlighted in the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx and Frederic Engels, calling for the working class to overthrow the capitalist system.
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6
Daguerreotype
A 19th-century photographic process producing images on a silver plate made sensitive by iodine.
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7
Empiricism
The search for knowledge based on observation and direct experience.
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8
Gothick
Characterized by the ghoulish, infernal, nightmarish, grotesque, and sublime elements.
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9
Hudson River School
A group of American artists focused on the American landscape, particularly undeveloped wilderness.
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10
Lampoon
A form of satire and ridicule.
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11
Landscape Painting
Often 'picturesque' in Romantic style, used nature as an allegory for spiritual, moral, or philosophical commentary.
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12
Lithography
A printing process using a greasy crayon on stone that transfers drawings to paper via oil-based ink.
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13
Modernism
Seeks to capture contemporary images and sensibilities, involving critical examination of art itself.
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14
Napoleon
Established an Empire from 1789 to 1815 and favored the Neoclassical style in various art forms.
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15
Odalisque
A female slave in Eastern harems, often depicted reclining in 19th-century art.
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16
Pantheism
A doctrine equating God with the forces and laws of the universe.
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17
Positivism
Developed by Auguste Comte, believing in scientific laws governing nature and society through empirical observation.
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18
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
Founded in 1848 to create art free from what they viewed as tired and artificial art sponsored by academies.
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19
Realism
Focused on everyday life and contemporary experiences, portraying previously unworthy subjects like working-class laborers.
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20
Romanticism
A late 18th and early 19th century movement emphasizing emotion, nature, the mysterious, and the exotic.
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21
Second Industrial Revolution
Focused on advancements in steel, electricity, chemicals, and oil.
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22
Supine
Exhibiting indolent inertia or passivity.
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23
Vista
A distant view through an opening.
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