civil rights movement test

civil rights

guarantees of equal social opportunities and equal protection under the law, regardless of race, religion, or other personal characteristics

"separate but equal"

racially segregated but ostensibly ensuring equal opportunities to all races.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People- worked within the court and legislative system

Thurgood Marshall

American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.

Integration

the act of uniting or bringing together- the ending of segregation and allowing all races to be together in public facilities

March on Washington

August 28, 1963: to advocate for African American civil rights/show support for the bill in Congress- 250,000 people attended the rally, and MLK gave "I Have a Dream" speech

JFK (John F. Kennedy)

35th President of the United States, served 1961- 1963 (due to assassination), Democrat, first Catholic president. Followed by Lyndon B. Johnson, his vice president.

Voting Rights Act 1965

signed by President Lyndon Johnson on August 6, 1965- outlawed discriminatory voting practices

Civil Rights Act 1964

Passed by Congress in 1964- prohibited discrimination of race, color, religion, sex, or ethnicity

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union- Congress abolished slavery and passed the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, supposedly guaranteeing freed slaves the same civil rights as whites

14th Amendment

Passed by Senate on June 8, 1866 and ratified on July 9, 1868- granted citizenship to all people born/naturalized in U.S. (including former slaves), and provided equal protection under the laws.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on December 1, 1955: a civil-rights protest where African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. Resulted in Supreme Court ruling that segregation on buses was unconstitutional

March on Selma

the three protest marches to walk the 54-mile (87 km) highway from Selma to Alabama state capital of Montgomery

Freedom Rides

a series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and Whites who rode interstate buses together through the American South in 1961

Greensboro Four (Greensboro Sit-in)

a civil rights protest which began in 1960- four Black college students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in North Carolina

Boycott

a nonviolent act of punishment/protest by withdrawing from using or having relations with a product

Jim Crow laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Harlem Renaissance

an intellectual and cultural revival of African-American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics, and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s

Great Migration

movement of over 6 million African American from the rural south into industrialized/urban Northern cities between 1910-1970.