guarantees of equal social opportunities and equal protection under the law, regardless of race, religion, or other personal characteristics
New cards
2
"separate but equal"
racially segregated but ostensibly ensuring equal opportunities to all races.
New cards
3
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People- worked within the court and legislative system
New cards
4
Thurgood Marshall
American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
New cards
5
Integration
the act of uniting or bringing together- the ending of segregation and allowing all races to be together in public facilities
New cards
6
March on Washington
August 28, 1963: to advocate for African American civil rights/show support for the bill in Congress- 250,000 people attended the rally, and MLK gave "I Have a Dream" speech
New cards
7
JFK (John F. Kennedy)
35th President of the United States, served 1961- 1963 (due to assassination), Democrat, first Catholic president. Followed by Lyndon B. Johnson, his vice president.
New cards
8
Voting Rights Act 1965
signed by President Lyndon Johnson on August 6, 1965- outlawed discriminatory voting practices
New cards
9
Civil Rights Act 1964
Passed by Congress in 1964- prohibited discrimination of race, color, religion, sex, or ethnicity
New cards
10
Reconstruction
the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union- Congress abolished slavery and passed the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, supposedly guaranteeing freed slaves the same civil rights as whites
New cards
11
14th Amendment
Passed by Senate on June 8, 1866 and ratified on July 9, 1868- granted citizenship to all people born/naturalized in U.S. (including former slaves), and provided equal protection under the laws.
New cards
12
Montgomery Bus Boycott
sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on December 1, 1955: a civil-rights protest where African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating. Resulted in Supreme Court ruling that segregation on buses was unconstitutional
New cards
13
March on Selma
the three protest marches to walk the 54-mile (87 km) highway from Selma to Alabama state capital of Montgomery
New cards
14
Freedom Rides
a series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and Whites who rode interstate buses together through the American South in 1961
New cards
15
Greensboro Four (Greensboro Sit-in)
a civil rights protest which began in 1960- four Black college students staged a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in North Carolina
New cards
16
Boycott
a nonviolent act of punishment/protest by withdrawing from using or having relations with a product
New cards
17
Jim Crow laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
New cards
18
Harlem Renaissance
an intellectual and cultural revival of African-American music, dance, art, fashion, literature, theater, politics, and scholarship centered in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, spanning the 1920s and 1930s
New cards
19
Great Migration
movement of over 6 million African American from the rural south into industrialized/urban Northern cities between 1910-1970.
Studied by 7 people
