Dietary Carbohydrate

Fructose

Fructose

________: found with free glucose in honey and fruits (e.g. apple)

constipation

Softens stool: decrease risk for ________, hemorrhoids, and diverticulosis.

Glycemic index

________ (GI): the area under the blood glucose curve seen after ingestion of meal with carbohydrate- rich food, compared with the area under the blood glucose curve observed after a meal consisting of the same amount of carbohydrate in the form of glucose or white bread.

Maltose

________: product of enzymatic digestion of polysaccharides, found in beer and ________ liquors.

Carbohydrates

________ differ in their glycemic response (GR)

Lactose

________: principal sugar found in milk.

bowel mobility

Increasing ________ during exposure of intestines to carcinogens.

Dietary fiber

________: non- digestible, non- starch carbohydrates and lignin present in plants.

Absence of dietary carbohydrate

________ leads to ketogenesis.

Soluble fiber

________ is the edible part of plants.

High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)

Corn syrup that has undergone enzymatic processing to convert their glucose into fructose and have been mixed with pure corn syrup (100 % glucose) to produce a desired sweetness.

Primary role of dietary Carbohydrates

provide energy

glucose

fruits, sweet corn, corn syrup, honey

fructose

found with free glucose in honey and fruits (e.g

HFCS 55 (55% fructose and 42% glucose)

substitute for sucrose on beverages (e.g

major difference

HFCS is ingested as a mixture of monosaccharides

sucrose

table sugar

lactose

principal sugar found in milk

maltose

product of enzymatic digestion of polysaccharides, found in beer and malt liquors

Sources of Polysaccharides

starch, wheat, potatoes, dried peas, beans (legumes) and vegetables

Dietary fiber

non-digestible, non-starch carbohydrates and lignin present in plants

softens stool

decrease risk for constipation, hemorrhoids, and diverticulosis

Glycemic index (GI)

the area under the blood glucose curve seen after ingestion of meal with carbohydrate-rich food, compared with the area under the blood glucose curve observed after a meal consisting of the same amount of carbohydrate in the form of glucose or white bread

low GI

<50

high GI

≥70

RD for for carbohydrate

130 g/day for adults and children

adults should consume ____ of their total calories from carbohydrates

45% - 65%

HFCS 55 contain

55% fructose and 42% glucose

HFCS 55 substitute for

sucrose on beverages (e.g. soft drinks)

HFCS 42 used in

processed foods

sucrose is made up of

glucose + fructose

lactose is made up of

glucose + galactose

maltose is made up of

glucose + glucose

Recommended intake (AI) for total fiber:

• 25 g/day for women

• 38 g/day for men

added sugars should represent _____ of total energy intake

no more than 10%