Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Alcohol Use Disorder – Criterion A (Problematic Pattern)

• Problematic pattern of alcohol use causing clinically significant impairment or distress

• Within a 12‑month period, at least 2 of the following:

  1. Alcohol often taken in larger amounts or longer than intended

  2. Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down/control use

  3. Much time spent obtaining, using, or recovering from alcohol

  4. Craving or strong urge to use alcohol

  5. Recurrent use leading to failure in major role obligations (work, school, home)

  6. Continued use despite social/interpersonal problems caused or worsened by alcohol

  7. Important activities (social, work, recreation) are given up or reduced

  8. Recurrent use in physically hazardous situations

  9. Continued use despite physical/psychological problem likely caused or worsened by alcohol

  10. Tolerance (need more, or diminished effect with same amount)

  11. Withdrawal (characteristic syndrome, or alcohol/benzo taken to relieve/avoid withdrawal)

HiTOP – Alcohol Use Disorder (Dimension)

• In HiTOP, Alcohol Use Disorder falls under the:

  • Externalizing spectrum → Disinhibited externalizing

  • Subfactor: Substance abuse

• Characterized by:

  • Loss of control over use

  • Continued use despite harm

  • Impulsive, risky, and compulsive substance-related behavior

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