Mitosis - Unit 6 Biology

In ---------- cells, the nucleus divides before the cell itself divides – the process in which the nucleus divides is called -------.

1. eukaryotic
2. mitosis

Before mitosis occurs, a cell’s --- is replicated – each daughter cell will have a complete copy of genetic material from the ------ cell.

1. DNA
2. parent

Chromosomes are coiled structures made of --- and --------

\
(During other phases of the cell cycle, DNA is not coiled, but exists as _________)

1. DNA
2. proteins
3. chromatin

DNA condenses into the _-shaped chromosome only after it has replicated so it consists of two identical copies called ----------, attached to one another at a region called the ----------

1. x
2. chromatids
3. centromere

The DNA of a chromosome is encoded with -------instructions for making --------.

1. genetic
2. proteins

Instructions are organized into units called -----.

* Most genes contain the instructions for a single -------.
* There may be hundreds or even thousands of genes on a single ----------.

1. genes
2. protein
3. chromosome

(Human Chromosomes)

Human cells have 2 sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each ------.

parent

(Human Chromosomes)

Chromosomes in a pair are known as ----------chromosomes.

homologous

(Human Chromosomes)

Pairs of chromosomes are the same ----, same -----, and contain the same genes.

1. size
2. shape

(Human Chromosomes)

During mitosis, when the nucleus divides, the two ---------- that make up each chromosome separate from each other and move to -------- poles of the cell.

1. chromatids
2. opposite

PMAT stands for…

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase

Prophase – first and ------- phase

* --------- condenses into chromosomes.
* Nuclear -------- breaks down.
* In animal cells, --------- separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
* ------- starts to form between centrioles.

1. longest
2. Chromatin
3. membrane
4. centrioles
5. spindle

Metaphase – (remember M for ‘------’)

* Spindle fibers attached to the ---------- of each pair of sister chromatids.
* Sister chromatids line up at the ------ of the cell.

1. middle
2. centromere
3. center

Anaphase (remember A for ‘----’)

* Sister chromatids --------, and the centromeres ------.
* Sister chromatids are pulled apart, or away by the ---------- of the spindle fibers.
* One sister chromatid moves to one pole and the other sister chromatid moves to the --------pole.

1. away
2. separate
3. divide
4. shortening
5. opposite

Telophase (remember T for ---)

* Chromosomes begin to ------ and form chromatin
* ------- breaks down.
* New nuclear --------- form.

1. two
2. uncoil
3. spindle
4. membranes

Cytokinesis – final stage

* --------- splits in two and the cell divides.
* In animal cells, the plasma membrane pinches inward along ------- until two daughter cells form.
* In plant cells, a cell ----- forms along the equator, and cell ----- form along each side.

1. cytoplasm
2. equator
3. plate
4. walls