(c) forces, movement, shape and momentum

effect of forces between bodies such as changes in speed, shape or direction (1.11)

uh…. well….

friction (1.12)

occurs when two surfaces move across each other. frictional forces oppose motion, preventing two surfaces from sliding over each other

air resistance (1.12)

type of frictional force. air opposes the motion of the object, leading to air resistance - the faster the object is moving, the more air resistance it will experience

tension (1.12)

occurs when objects are stretched - usually happens in ropes, cables, string etc. when an object e.g. a ball is suspended from another object e.g. a rope, there are two forces involved: the force acting downwards and the tension force acting upwards in the rope to keep everything in place

normal contact force / reaction force (1.12)

occurs when objects are touching at rest. perpendicular to the surfaces in contact.

gravitational force (1.12)

attractive force. helps to define the weight of an object rather than just the mass.

electrostatic force (1.12)

occur between charges. electrostatic forces between opposite charges will lead to attraction, forces between similar charges will lead to repulsion

magnetic force (1.12).

occur due to electromagnetic forces. experienced when a charged particle moves in a magnetic field. opposite charges => attraction, similar charges => repulsion