James Madison

War of 1812

Conflict with Britain over trade and impressment.

Treaty of Ghent

1814 agreement ending the War of 1812.

Economic Challenges

Trade disruptions and inflation during the war.

Second Bank of the United States

Established in 1816 to stabilize U.S. economy.

Manufacturing Growth

Increased production due to reduced imports.

Land Development

Efforts to develop newly acquired territories.

Internal Improvements

Madison favored state-funded infrastructure projects.

Native American Relations

Efforts to manage tribes resisting expansion.

British Blockade

Severely disrupted American trade during the war.

Macon's Bill No. 2

Attempt to resume trade with Britain and France.

Non-Intercourse Act

Lifted trade restrictions with nations except Britain.

Economic Dependence on Slavery

Widespread reliance on enslaved labor in the South.

Indian Removal Policy

Supported treaties for land cessions from tribes.

Political Identity

Transitioned from Federalist to Democratic-Republican leader.

Partisanship

Growing divisions during Madison's presidency, especially over war.

Sectionalism

War of 1812 heightened North-South tensions.

Post-War Nationalism

Increased national pride after the War of 1812.

Era of Good Feelings

Period of political cooperation post-war.

Unity after Conflict

Treaty of Ghent fostered national unity.

Economic Self-Sufficiency

Pushed by disruptions during the War of 1812.

Battle of New Orleans

Victory that boosted American nationalism.

Federal Spending Caution

Madison wary of excessive federal control.

Treaties with Native Tribes

Often pressured agreements for land cessions.

Political Ramifications of War

Significant impact on national unity and economy.

Impact of British Interference

Caused trade disruptions and led to war.

Criticism of War Handling

Madison faced backlash for economic devastation.

Agrarian South vs. Commercial North

Economic priorities causing regional tensions.

Foundation for Future Growth

Second Bank established a robust financial system.

Legacy of James Madison's Presidency

James Madison left Washington with a solid legacy. He made important inroads in re-establishing the national bank, a working taxation system, and a standing military.