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War of 1812
Conflict with Britain over trade and impressment.
Treaty of Ghent
1814 agreement ending the War of 1812.
Economic Challenges
Trade disruptions and inflation during the war.
Second Bank of the United States
Established in 1816 to stabilize U.S. economy.
Manufacturing Growth
Increased production due to reduced imports.
Land Development
Efforts to develop newly acquired territories.
Internal Improvements
Madison favored state-funded infrastructure projects.
Native American Relations
Efforts to manage tribes resisting expansion.
British Blockade
Severely disrupted American trade during the war.
Macon's Bill No. 2
Attempt to resume trade with Britain and France.
Non-Intercourse Act
Lifted trade restrictions with nations except Britain.
Economic Dependence on Slavery
Widespread reliance on enslaved labor in the South.
Indian Removal Policy
Supported treaties for land cessions from tribes.
Political Identity
Transitioned from Federalist to Democratic-Republican leader.
Partisanship
Growing divisions during Madison's presidency, especially over war.
Sectionalism
War of 1812 heightened North-South tensions.
Post-War Nationalism
Increased national pride after the War of 1812.
Era of Good Feelings
Period of political cooperation post-war.
Unity after Conflict
Treaty of Ghent fostered national unity.
Economic Self-Sufficiency
Pushed by disruptions during the War of 1812.
Battle of New Orleans
Victory that boosted American nationalism.
Federal Spending Caution
Madison wary of excessive federal control.
Treaties with Native Tribes
Often pressured agreements for land cessions.
Political Ramifications of War
Significant impact on national unity and economy.
Impact of British Interference
Caused trade disruptions and led to war.
Criticism of War Handling
Madison faced backlash for economic devastation.
Agrarian South vs. Commercial North
Economic priorities causing regional tensions.
Foundation for Future Growth
Second Bank established a robust financial system.
Legacy of James Madison's Presidency
James Madison left Washington with a solid legacy. He made important inroads in re-establishing the national bank, a working taxation system, and a standing military.
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