provide an environment for the growth and nourishment of the developing embryo/fetus after fertilization
synthesis of hormones
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cow
female bovine
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bull
male bovine
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ewe
female ovine
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ram
male ovine
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sow
female porcine
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boar
male porcine
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hen
female avian
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rooster
male avian
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broad ligament
connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract
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mesometrium
the broad ligament that suspends the uterus
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mesovarium
the broad ligament that suspends the ovaries
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mesosalpinx
the broad ligament that suspends the oviducts
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estrogen
a steroid hormone produced by the ovary:
regulates growth
enhances and maintains the mucous membrane that lines the uterus
stimulates the growth of the follicle
maintains thickness of vaginal wall and promotes lubrication
helps stop milk flow after weaning
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gilt
young female porcine
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barrow
castrated male pig
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hiefer
young female bovine
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progesterone
a steroid hormone produced by the ovary:
prepares the endometrium for the potential of pregnancy after ovulation
supports pregnancy
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inhibin
protein hormone produced by the ovary:
produced by the granulosa cell
regulation of pituitary FSH secretion
reduces the hypothalamic LH releasing hormone content
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corpus luteum
produces progesterone
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follicle
a small fluid filled sac in the ovary that contains an immature oocyte
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primordial follicle
one layer of flattened granulosa cells around the oocyte
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primary follicle
one layer of cuboidal granulosa cells around an oocyte
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secondary follicles
two or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells around the oocyte and no sign of antrum formation
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tertiary follicle
follicle forms a fluid filled cavity; differentiation of cell layers in the follicle wall
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antrum
follicular fluid
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theca cells
a group of endocrine cells in the ovary made up of connective tissue surrounding the follicle
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granulosa cells
the cells on the innermost layer of the follicle
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oviducts
gamete transport
fertilization site
supports early embryo development
transport of embryo to uterus
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infundibulum
the section of the oviduct closest to the ovary
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ampullary
the mid-section of the oviduct
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isthmus
the section of the oviduct closest to the uterus
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uterotubal junction
the site of fertilization
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fimbriae
finger-like projections on the end of the oviduct closest to the ovary
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ostium
the opening of the oviduct
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uterus
muscle contraction to transport sperm and expel fetus and placenta
absorption and phagocytosis
partially prepares sperm for fertilization
provide environment for embryo and fetal growth
hormone production
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prostaglandin F2a
produced by the uterus
stimulates the contraction of uterine and bronchial smooth muscle and produces vasoconstriction in some blood vessels
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bicornuate
what type of uterus do cows have?
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endometrium
mucous membrane lining the inside of the uterus
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myometrium
the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus
middle-tissue layer
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perimetrium
the outer serous layer of the uterus
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cervix
transport of sperm
barrier to sperm
reservoir for sperm
blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy
birth canal
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4-5
the cow has how many cervical rings?
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connective
the cervix is composed of thick ______ tissue
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mucus
_____ is secreted from the cervix near time of breeding and ovulation
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vagina
copulatory organ
has glands that secrete lubrication
glands secrete pheromones
birth canal
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anterior vagina
portion of the vagina closest to the uterus
has columnar epithelium submucosa
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posterior vagina
portion of the vagina closest to the vulva
has stratified squamous epithelium
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labia
closes the entrance to the vagina
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clitoris
female sensory organ
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mare
has kidney bean-shaped ovary
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cow
has almond shaped ovary
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sow
has grape-like shaped ovary
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non-equine ovary
cortex on outside of ovary
ovulation can occur on any point of the ovary
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Mare ovary
medulla on the inside of the ovary, cortex on the outside
ovulation occurs at the ovulation fossa
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germinal epithelium
what part of the ovary is responsible for 85% of ovarian cancers?
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corpus albicans
scar tissue on the ovary from past ovulations
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cow
4-5 cervical rings
short uterine body
medium uterine horns
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mare
large uterine body
short uterine horns
longitudinal folds along the cervix
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sow
long uterine horns
interdigitating pads
no vaginal fornix
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cat and dog
small uterine body
long uterine horns
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human
what species has a simplex reproductive tract?
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simplex
large uterine body with no horns
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bicournate
uterine body with horns
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duplex
in opossum, rabbit, and mouse
2 uterine horns with 2 cervixes
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opossum
what species has 2 vaginas?
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vulva
most caudal part of the genital tract
12 - 15cm
labia or lips
protects the entrance of the vagina
situated approx. 7 cm below the anus
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commissures
dorsal and ventral are the sites of the union of the labia
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perineum
area surrounding the vulva and anus
conformation is critical
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pneumovagina
“Windsucking”
the anus is too deep, pulling the labia tight allowing wind to enter the vulva.
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80%
how much of the vulva should be below the pelvic floor
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cloaca
where the vagina and large intestine meet in avian species.
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male reproductive system
produce, maintain, and transport sperm and semen
discharge sperm into the female reproductive tract
produce and secrete male sex hormones
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scrotum
bag of skin that holds and helps to protect the testicles
thermoregulation and support
has sweat glands and thermosensitive nerves
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tunica dartos
smooth muscle
elevates the testes
androgen dependent (testosterone)
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tunica albuginea
dense connective tissue
close related with secretory tissues of the testicle
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rete testis
a network of small tubes in the testicles that helps move sperm cells from the testicle to the epididymis
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seminiferous tubule
tubes in the testicles lined with complex stratified epithelium containing spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells
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parenchyma and mediastinum
layers of the testis
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testicular capsule
dynamic suborgan that changes in response to hormones and neurotransmitters
comprised of the VVT andTA
has finger-like projections
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visceral vaginal tunic
thin membrane
provides support
from peritoneum
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testicular parenchyma
made up of the tubular compartment and interstitial parenchyma
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tubular compartment
seminiferous epithelium
sertoli cells
developing germ cells
peritubular cells
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interstitial parenchyma
all cells and materials outside the seminiferous (blood vessels, connective tissue, lymphatics, nerve, and the interstitial cells of Leydig
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mediastinum
holds the rete testis
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germ cells
sperm cells
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sertoli cells
surround developing germ cells
provide structural and metabolic support to the developing spermatogenic cells
production: androgen binding protein, sulfated glycoprotein, transferrin, and inhibin
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blood-testes barrier
adjacent sertoli cells are joined together by tight junction through their basal cytoplasmic processes over spermatogonia
prevents entry of harmful substances from blood affecting developing sperms and at the same time preventing sperms related proteins to enter circulation
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leydig cells
located between seminiferous tubules
produces androgens (testosterone)
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epididymis
local where the spermatozoa gain the ability to fertilize an oocyte
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caput
at the top of the testes
concentration of sperm fluctuates
sperm is not motile or fertile
proximal cytoplasmic droplet
low disulfide crosslinking
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proximal head
what part of the epididymis reabsorbes a significant amount of rete fluid?
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distal head
what part of the epididymis secretes fluid into the lumen of the epididymal duct?
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corpus
lies parallel to the ductus deferens
the concentration of sperm remains constant
sperm has some motility and fertility
translocating cytoplasmic droplet
moderate to high degree of disulfide crosslinking
can bind to oocytes
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cauda
located at the bottom of the testes
normal motility and fertile potential
distal droplet
high degree of disulfide crosslinking
can bind to oocytes
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proximal tail
sperm in this section of the epididymis cannot be moved into ejaculatory position following sexual stimulation
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distal tail
sperm in this section of the epididymis are eligible for ejaculation, where they move into the ductus deferens and into the pelvic urethra during sexual stimulation
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9-14
how many days does sperm transport time take in boars?
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12
how many days does sperm transport time take in rams?
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14
how many days does sperm transport time take in bulls?
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