GCSE Physics- P3 Particle Model of Matter

What is matter?

anything that has mass and volume

What are the 3 states of matter?

Solids, liquids, gases

What is all matter made of?

What do particles possess?

kinetic energy

What forces exists between particles?

forces of attraction

What is a scientific model?

a representation of an idea or concept

What are the limitations of the particle model?

particles not solid sphere, distance between particles inaccurate, movement of particles in terms of direction and speed inaccurate, forces of attraction not shown, particles are not 2D.

What is the change in state from solid to liquid?

melting

What is the change in state from solid to gas?

sublimation

What is the change in state from gas to liquid?

condensing

What is the change in state from liquid to gas?

vaporisation

What is the change in state from liquid to solid?

freezing

What is the change in state from gas to solid?

deposition

What are the types of vaporisation?

boiling, evaporation

When does boiling occur?

at a specific temperature, anywhere in the liquid, when liquid vapour pressure = atmospheric pressure

When does evaporation occur?

at any temperature, only at the surface of the liquid, when particles have enough energy to leave liquid phase for gas phase.

What is latent heat?

the energy required to change state without a temperature change

What is a heating curve graph?

graph showing the time taken for changes in state

formula for internal energy (total energy)

Kinetic energy + potential energy

What happens when a substance changes state?

energy used to break forces of attraction between particles, therefore temperature remains the same.

What is a ionic bond?

electrostatic forces of attraction between ions

What is a covalent bond

electrostatic forces of attraction between shared pairs of negative electron an positive nuclei of atoms.

What is a metallic bond?

electrostatic forces of attraction between delocalised electrons and cations

What is specific latent heat?

the amount of energy needed to change state of 1 Kg of a substance without changing its temprature

What is Specific latent heat of fusion?

Temperature remains constant as solid changes to liquid

What is specific heat of vaporisation?

temperature remains constant as liquid turns changes to gas

What is internal energy?

The total amount of kinetic energy and chemical potential energy of all the particles in the system

What is the formula for Specific heat capacity?

E= m x c x ∆θ

Energy= mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature

What is the formula for specific latent heat of fusion (Lf)?

Lf= E/m

Latent heat of fusion= Energy/mass

What is the formula for specific latent heat of vaporisation (Lv)?

Lv= E/m

latent heat of vaporisation= energy/mass

What is the formula for density?

P= m/v

Density= mass/volume

What are the limitations of the Eureka can (RP)?

object has to fit into can, object cannot have holes

Eureka can RP method

weigh mass, measure volume before, measure volume change

What is increase in pressure caused by?

more frequent collision to surface, harder collision to surface

What is the pressure of the gas on a surface?

the total force exerted on a unit area of the surface

What is Boyle's law?

P x V= constant

pressure x volume= constant

P1V1 = P2V2

1 being initial reading and 2 being final reading

When does Boyle's law work?

when the temperature remains constant and the mass is the same

What is pressure measured in?

Pascals (Pa)

What does decreasing volume of gas mean?

increase in pressure of gas