ch 8

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast

cervical cancer

malignant tumor of the cervix (Cx)cause is linked to HPV infection

endometrial cancer

AKA uterine cancermalignant tumor of the endometrium

ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of the ovary

adenomyosis

growth of the endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

uterine fibroid

AKA myoma of the uterus or leiomyomabenign fibroid tumor of the uterine muscle

uterovaginal prolapse

dropping of the uterus (and vagina) due to weakened pelvic muscles into the vagina

abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)

irregular bleeding in the absence of pregnancy

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

condition characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cystssymptoms include irregular menstruation, acne, and infertilitylinks to many other diseasesvery painful

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring up to 10 days before menstruationsymptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, headache

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia followed by hypotension and in severe cases, shock, and deathaffects menstruating women using tamponscaused by Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes bacteria

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation of the female pelvic organs that can be caused by various pathogensinfection may spread upward resulting in infertility or fatal septicemia

vaginal fistula

abnormal passageway that formed between the bladder and the vagina

Bartholian cyst

blockage of one of the glands on either side of the vaginacauses a tender, swollen lump on the affect side which may become an infected abscess

fibrocystic breast changes (FCC)

thickening of tissue (fibrosis), benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair)

surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele and a rectocele

dilation and curettage (D&C)

widens the cervix and removed contents from the uterus using a curette for scraping and suctioningdiagnostic or therapeutic

conization

AKA cone biopsysurgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervixused in the treatment for noninvasive cervical cancertypes: 1) Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) 2) Cryosurgery (AKA cold knife conization) 3) Laser ablation

endometrial ablation

destroys or removed endometrium to treat abnormal uterine bleeding

myomectomy

excision of a uterine fibroid (myoma)

tubal ligation

surgical closure of the uterine tubes for sterilizationtubes may be cut and tied (ligated), cut and cauterized, or closed off with a clip, clamp, ring, or band

uterine artery embolization (UAE)

placement of small gelatin beads or metal coils into uterine arteries to stop blood flow supplying uterine fibroids or to stop hemorrhage after childbirth (performed by IR)

sentinel lymph node biopsy

injection of blue dye and/or radioisotope to identify the sentinel lymph nodes (first in axillary chain, most likely to contain metastasis)nodes are removed and examined microscopicallyif negative, no additional nodes are removed and tested

stereotactic breast biopsy

technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion

transvaginal sonography (TVS)

ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and surrounding structuresused to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy, and to evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility

CA-125 test

blood test primarily used to monitor treatment for ovarian cancer and to detect recurrence once treatment is completeelevated amounts = presence of ovarian cancer

HPV test

cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect high-risk forms of human papillomavirus (HPV) that can cause abnormal cervical cells and cervical cancerused for cervical cancer screening

Pap test

AKA Papanicolaou test, formerly pap smearcytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect abnormal and cancerous cellsprimarily used for cervical cancer screening

anovulation

failure of the ovary to release an egg

dyspareunia

difficult or painful intercourse

fistula

abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

oligovulation

infrequent release of an egg (ovulation)

contraception

AKA birth control (BC)intentional prevention of conception (pregnancy)

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

replacement of hormones, estrogen and progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause

speculum

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection

menarche

beginning of menstruation

menopause

cessation of menstruationusually around ages of 48-53may be induced at an earlier age surgically or medically

AUB

abnormal uterine bleeding

FCC

fibrocystic breast condition

PCOS

polycystic ovary syndrome

PID

pelvic inflammatory disease

PMS

premenstrual syndrome

TSS

toxic shock syndrome

HSG

hysterosalpingogram

SHG

sonohysterography

TVS

transvaginal sonography

A&P repair

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy

BC

birth control

D&C

dilation and curettage

HRT

hormone replacement therapy

IUD

intrauterine device

IUS

intrauterine system

LAVH

laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy

TAH/BSO

total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

TLH

total laparoscopic hysterectomy

UAE

uterine artery embolization

VH

vaginal hysterectomy

GYN

gynecology

Cx

cervix

cervic/o and trachel/o

cervix

endometri/o

endometrium

colp/o and vagin/o

vagina

episi/o and vulv/o

vulva

gynec/o

woman, female reproductive system

hymen/o

hymen

hyster/o and metr/o

uterus

mamm/o and mast/o

breast

men/o

menstruation

oophor/o

ovary

pelv/i

pelvis, pelvic cavity

perine/o

perineum

salping/o

fallopian (uterine) tube

hemat/o

blood

hydr/o

water

leuk/o

white

my/o

muscle

olig/o

scanty, few

py/o

pus

a-

absence of, without

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

endo-

within

peri-

surrounding (outer)

-al, -ic

pertaining to

-algia

pain

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-clesis

surgical closure

-ectomy

excision, surgical removal

-gram

the record, radiographic image

-graphy

process of recording, radiographic imaging

-itis

inflammation of

-logist

one who studies and treats

-logy

study of

-osis

abnormal condition

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding

-rrhaphy

suturing, repairing

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-salpinx

fallopian (uterine) tube

-scope

instrument used for visual examination