Skin Study Guide Milady

what is the underlying or inner layer of the skin?

dermis

What gives the body smoothness and contour while providing a protective cushion for the skin?

subcutaneous tissue

nerve fibers that send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain are called

sensory nerve fibers

what best defines melanin?

These tiny grains of pigment are produced by melanocytes in the stratum germinativum

a broad-spectrum sunscreen is one that...

has been shown to protect against UVA and UVA radiation from the sun

what sentence best describes the difference in the functions of pheomelanin and eumelanin in the skin?

A person with predominantly pheomelanin tends to have rosy skin, whereas a person with predominantly eumelanin tends to have cooler skin tones.

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

to secrete oil to lubricate the skin

What is the function of sudoriferous glands?

to excrete sweat to regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products

Water loss through perspiration is an example of which function of the skin?

excretion

The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, its functions, and diseases is

dermatology

The layer of skin that is seen and treated by the cosmetologist is the

stratum corneum

Which type of nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to the muscles?

motor

The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is

pheomelanin

___ helps protect sensitive cells from UV rays.

melanin

this is NOT a skin function

add necessary body weight to maintain good health

The fibrous protein that gives skin its flexibility and helps skin regain its shape after being expanded is

elastin

Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body's skin?

50 to 70 percent

Which sentence best describes visible differences in lesions that can be used to classify the lesion as either primary or a secondary lesion?

Primary lesions are a different color than the surrounding skin, whereas secondary lesions have an accumulation of material on the skin surface.

All of the following are examples of primary lesions EXCEPT

ulcers

All the following are examples of secondary lesions EXCEPT

macules

Which sentence best defines rosacea?

a chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing that can progress to pustular-type breakouts

All of the following are examples of disorders of the sudoriferous glands EXCEPT

acne vulgaris

Contrast the treatment you would recommend to a client for anhidrosis versus the treatment for bromhidrosis.

Anhidrosis can be life threatening and should be referred to a medical professional, whereas bromhidrosis only requires a medical referral in severe cases.

What is impetigo?

a contagious bacterial skin infection usually caused by Staphylococcus bacteria and characterized by weeping lesions

Select the most appropriate response for when a cosmetologist has a client with an eye infection that covers the whites of the eye and the eye is covered with a crusty substance.

Decline to service clients, and suggest they seek medical advice without speculating as to what is causing the eye condition.

Which skin hypertrophy is characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales!

psoriasis

Which description best matches a keratoma?

a superficial, thickened patch of epidermis

Which skin pigmentation change is a hormonal disorder that appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills?

melasma

Which skin pigmentation disorder is a genetic condition in which there is an absence of melanin pigment ir the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes?

albinism

All of the following contribute to acne development EXCEPT

Propionibacterium acne (P. acnes) on the surface of the skin

The following are all treatments for mild forms of acne EXCEPT

harsh facial cleansers that remove the buildup of sebum

Which example is an intrinsic factor that influences skin aging?

repetitive facial expressions

All of the following are examples of extrinsic factors that influence skin aging EXCEPT

gravity

What is one way that sun exposure negatively affects the skin?

The natural weakening of collagen and elastin fibers happens at a much faster rate.

Which type of skin cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 66 percent once the cancer reaches local lymph nodes?

malignant melanoma

The following are all changes that occur over time in existing moles and could be indications that the mole is

cancerous EXCEPT

Large, dark hairs grow out of the mole.

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness is called

seborrheic dermatitis

___ is a common bacterial infection of the eye.

Conjunctivitis

a ___ is a small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin.

skin tag

Between 80 and 85 percent of skin aging is caused by

sun exposure

All of the following are reasons for cosmetologists to study hair removal EXCEPT

Because hair removal techniques evolve slowly, cosmetologists can devote more time to providing services that generate income instead of spending those hours in additional

skills training.

The density of hair growth on the scalp is determined by

hormonal influences

Which condition results in excessive hair growth of the underarms and groin?

hirsutism

A client wants to have underarm hair removed, but the client has sensitive skin and a low tolerance for pai The client works two jobs, spends free time in the pool, and is environmentally conscious. In consideratio these factors, which service should be recommended?

sugaring

Which procedure must be avoided when removing facial hair?

depilation

Sugaring can be used effectively on hair as short as ____ inch

0

Which is the correct procedure for eyebrow tweezing?

Apply a warm, wet compress and tweeze between the eyebrows.

What is the proper technique for removing a soft wax strip?

Without lifting the fabric strip upward, pull it opposite the direction of hair growth.

Which post-service procedure should take place at the end of each day?

Clean and disinfect multiuse tools so they can be used for services the following day.

Which of the following can help prevent bruising during waxing?

holding the skin taunt

A client has their first waxing appointment on July 1. The client wants to maximize the amount of time before the next appointment but is concerned that the hair might regrow faster than normal. Which date should the cosmetologist recommend?

august 5th

If wax is so runny it drips from the spatula,

Reduce the pot's heating setting

A client had a laser treatment 3 weeks ago. Under which of the following conditions can waxing be performed?

Permission is received from a physician.

Which can be applied and removed both in the same direction as the hair grows and in the opposite directi of hair growth?

sugaring

The natural arch of the eyebrow follows the

orbital bone

With laser hair removal, the best results will likely be seen in clients whose

hair is darker than their skin tone

What is another name for photoepilation?

intense pulsed light

During the consultation for waxing services, cosmetologists should discuss proper aftercare and instruct the client to...

apply aloe vera gel for the first 24 hours to soothe the affected area

Prior to performing waxing services, clients must sign a(n) ___ which indicates they understand the

potential for adverse reactions and will not hold their cosmetologist accountable.

release form

A client has an appointment to get a back wax. On the client intake form, the client indicates having ta Accutane. A cosmetologist can perform the service if the client...

has not used isotretinoin to treat the face for the last 9 months

Which contraindication requires prior approval by the client's doctor before hair removal services can be performed?

laser treatment

Which contraindication is specific to facial waxing?

rosacea

To avoid contaminating wax, the applicator used on each client should be inserted into the wax

once

A hair removal service should not be performed on clients taking a medication containing

Retin-A

Which method of hair removal uses a beam pulsed on the skin and requires specialized training?

laser hair removal

What are the three methods of permanent hair reduction?

photoepilation, electrolysis, and laser hair removal

What is the advantage of having a dual hair and skin care career?

the potential for a larger client base

Which characteristic is more typical of estheticians?

mind and body focused

What is the primary purpose of an ultrasonic spatula?

exfoliating

Which equipment would cosmetologists use to oxygenate the cutaneous layer of the skin?

ozone facial steamer

Why would cosmetologists use a rotary brush?

to cleanse and lightly exfoliate the skin, giving it a smoother appearance and coloration that looks more even

The magnifying lamps commonly used by estheticians are 5 diopters, which is a magnification of

2

A client has extremely small pores throughout the face and skin that is rough, thin, and tight to the touch What is the client's skin type?

dry

Which characteristics are associated with oily skin types?

overproduction of sebum, clogged pores, and open and closed comedones

Flakiness on the cheeks and temples and enlarged pores in the center of the face are signs associated with which skin type?

combination

Which skin type has even pore distribution, no greasy areas or flaky skin, few blemishes, and a lack of fine lines?

normal

What dissolves keratin protein in the surface cells of the skin?

enzymes

Which type of massage involves bringing the fingertips down against the skin in rapid succession?

tapotement

What is petrissage?

a kneading movement performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing skin tissues with a light, firm pressure

In which direction should the muscle be massaged?

from the insertion point toward the origin

All of the following are contraindications for electrotherapy treatments EXCEPT _

skin with sun spots

To prepare the skin for extractions and deliver targeted products to the skin, galvanic current uses ___ and iontophoresis.

desincrustation

Which form of electrotherapy has a germicidal effect that is beneficial when treating acne-prone skin

high-frequency current

Client intake forms are also called

consultation cards

Why is it necessary for every client to fill out a client intake form?

It enables cosmetologists to review the client's health history or potential allergens.

Clients release their cosmetologist from liability by signing the

consent form

What is the primary reason for storing all client forms together in a secure manner?

to prevent disclosure of private information

During a client consultation, what determines the client's skin type, skin condition, and treatment needs

skin analysis

Why would an esthetician ask about the reason for a client's visit?

to determine if the client is seeking relaxation or treatment

What should estheticians stress as being extremely important for achieving the best skin care results

proper home care

Which characteristic would create the best environment for a client consultation for facial treatments

a quiet area

A condition that prevents clients from having certain treatments and procedures or using certain products because it causes unwanted side effects is known as a...

contraindication

A client is using Accutane to treat acne. Why should alpha hydroxy acids be avoided when performing facial treatments for this client?

They could cause skin to blister and peel.

Which of the following is a contraindication for treatments using chemical exfoliants?

oral steriods

On the client intake form, a client indicated having a pacemaker. Can an esthetician perform a light therapy treatment for this client?

no, because pacemakers are contraindicated for electrical treatments

A client who wants a facial has a small open sore on the cheek. What should the esthetician do?

Refuse the service until the client's doctor provides approval to treat.

A client who has a goatee is receiving a facial treatment. What can the esthetician do to help ensure a successful outcome?

Use sponges or towels instead of cotton pads on areas with excess facial hair.

Because acne bacteria are anaerobic, they thrive in follicles that are

blocked by sebum

In what way does a facial treatment for acne-prone skin differ from a basic facial?

A desincrustation lotion or gel is used in treatments for acne-prone skin.

The depth of color seen on the surface of the skin is known as

skin tone