Med Terms Chapter 4 (Musculoskeletal System)

ankyl/o

stiff joint (combining form)

arthr/o

joint (combining form)

articul/o

joint (combining form)

burs/o

sac (combining form)

carp/o

wrist (combining form)

cervic/o

neck (combining form)

chondr/o

cartilage (combining form)

clavicul/o

clavicle (combining form)

coccyg/o

coccyx (combining form)

cortic/o

outer portion (combining form)

cost/o

rib (combining form)

crani/o

skull (combining form)

femor/o

femur (combining form)

fibul/o

fibula (combining form)

humer/o

humerus (combining form)

ili/o

ilium (combining form)

ischi/o

ischium (combining form)

kyph/o

hump (combining form)

lamin/o

lamina, part of vertebra (combining form)

lord/o

bent backwards (combining form)

lumb/o

loin (combining form)

mandibul/o

mandible (combining form)

maxill/o

maxilla (combining form)

medull/o

inner portion (combining form)

metacarp/o

metacarpals (combining form)

metatars/o

metatarsals (combining form)

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord (combining form)

orth/o

straight (combining form)

oste/o

bone (combining form)

patell/o

patella (combining form)

ped/o

child, foot (combining form)

pelv/o

pelvis (combining form)

phalang/o

phalanges (combining form)

pod/o

foot (combining form)

pub/o

pubis (combining form)

radi/o

radius (combining form)

sacr/o

sacrum (combining form)

scapul/o

scapula (combining form)

scoli/o

crooked, bent (combining form)

spondyl/o

vertebrae (combining form)

stern/o

sternum (combining form)

synovi/o

synovial membrane (combining form)

synov/o

synovial membrane (combining form)

tars/o

ankle (combining form)

thorac/o

chest (combining form)

tibi/o

tibia (combining form)

uln/o

ulna (combining form)

vertebr/o

vertebra (combining form)

-blast

immature, embryonic

-clasia

to surgically break

-desis

stabilize, fuse

-listhesis

slipping

-porosis

porous

bone

organ that carries its own blood supply, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

skeleton

framework of the body formed by bones connected together

bone marrow

site of blood cell production

joint (articulation)

the place where two bones meet

ligaments

hold bones together

osseous tissue

another term for bone

ossification

gradual process beginning before birth that forms bones

cartilage

flexible tissue that forms the fetal skeleton

osteoblasts

immature bone cells

osteocytes

mature bone cells (found in adult bones)

long bones

bones that are longer than they are wide (ex: humerus, femur)

short bones

bones that are roughly as long as they are wide (ex: carpals, tarsals)

irregular bones

irregularly shaped bones (ex: vertebrae)

flat bones

plate-shaped bones (ex: sternum, scapulae, pelvis)

diaphysis

central shaft of a long bone

epiphysis

end of a long bone

articular cartilage

layer of cartilage that covers an epiphysis to prevent bone from rubbing directly on bone

periosteum

thin connective tissue membrane that covers a long bone and contains numerous blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

cortical (compact) bone

dense and hard exterior surface bone

cancellous (spongy) bone

found inside the bone; has spaces in it, giving it a spongelike appearance

red bone marrow

manufactures most blood cells; found in spongy bone

medullary cavity

open canal in the center of the diaphysis

yellow bone marrow

marrow that is mainly fat cells; located in medullary cavity

process

general term for any bony projection

head

large, smooth ball-shaped end on a long bone

neck

narrow area that separates the head of a long bone from the shaft

condyle

smooth rounded portion at the end of a bone

epicondyle

projection located above or on a condyle

trochanter

large rough process for attachment of a muscle

tubercle

small, rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles

tuberosity

large, rough process that provides the attachment of tendons and muscles

sinus

hollow cavity within a bone

foramen

smooth round opening for nerves and blood vessels in a bone

fossa

consists of a shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone

fissure

slit-type opening in a bone

axial skeleton

includes bones of the head, neck, spine, chest, and trunk

appendicular skeleton

includes bones of the pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, and lower extremities

cranium

encases the brain and consists of frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and occipital bones

facial bones

surround the mouth, nose, and eyes; include mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, vomer, palatine, nasal, and lacrimal bones

frontal bone

forehead

parietal bone

upper sides of cranium and roof of skull

occipital bone

back and base of skull

temporal bone

sides and base of cranium

sphenoid bone

bat-shaped bone that forms part of the base of the skull, floor, and sides of the eye orbit

ethmoid bone

forms part of eye orbit, nose, and floor of cranium

lacrimal bone

inner corner of each eye

nasal bone

form part of nasal septum and support bridge of nose