Humanism

Scholasticism

traditional of rational theology, reconciling faith and reason with Aristotelian logic

Petrarch

14th-century Italian scholar and poet; “Father of Humanism”; combined classical learning with Christian piety

Ad fontes

Humanist belief of returning to original sources

Devotio Moderna 

late medieval reform movement in low countries that criticized moral decline and emphasized personal piety

Humanism

movement that emphasized the study of classical texts and the value of human potential and achievements 

Johannes Gutenberg

German inventor of the movable type printing press

Movable Type

uses movable pieces of metal to press ink into documents

Erasmus

Dutch humanist and main figure in the Northern Renaissance; created a Greek New Testament and revised the Vulgate

Beguine

lay religious women who lived in semi-communal groups

Textual Criticism

branch of philology concerned with the identification and analysis of textual variants

Emendation (textual criticism)

correction to the text

Renaissance

rediscovery and revival of classical culture; characterized by significant advancement in the sciences and innovation

Meister Eckhart

German catholic priest, theologian, and philosopher, and mystic 

Avignon Papacy (1309-1376)

when seven successive popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome.

Western Schism

Division of the Catholic Church when 3 claimants to the papacy competed for power

Council of Constance

major ecumenical council in Germany; ended Western Schism

Jan Hus

Czech priest and reformer; rector of the University of Prague, criticized clerical corruption, and emphasized Biblical authority