AP Bio Unit 1

Water

Water

consists of 2 hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. Looks like Mickey Mouse.

Carbon

________ is very versatile.

Polar Molecule

molecule with uneven charge

Donate H+

________ when pH goes up and accept H+ when pH goes down.

Polar Molecule

molecule with uneven charge

Adhesion

water molecules stick to solid surfaces graduated cylinder

Cohesion

water molecules stick to other other water molecules

Capillary action

when water molecules move upward through narrow tubes

pH

a scale used to determine if an aqueous solution is an acid or a base (H+) (OH-) In pure water same amount

Acid

donate H+ to solution

Hydrocarbons

Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen

Isomer

Molecules with the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas

3 types of isomers are

structural, geometric, enantiomers

Structural isomers

Differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms

Geometric isomers

Covalent partnerships of atoms are the same, but differ in their special arrangement

Enantiomers

Also called stereoisomers

Adhesion

water molecules stick to solid surfaces. Ex. graduated cylinder

Cohesion

water molecules stick to other water molecules

Capillary action

when water molecules move upward through narrow tubes

pH

a scale used to determine if an aqueous solution is an acid or a base. In pure water same amount of H+ and OH-

Acid

donate H+ to solution

Base

substance that donates OH- or accept H+ to a solution, sometimes called alkaline. Examples : bleach, ammonia

Buffers

Substances that minimize concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution. Donate H+ when pH goes up and accept H+ when pH goes down.

Organic Chemistry

Study of carbon based molecules

Hydrocarbons

Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen

Methane

Simplest hydrocarbon

Isomer

Molecules with the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas.

Structural isomers

Differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms

Geometric isomers

Covalent partnerships of atoms are the same, but differ in their special arrangement

Enantiomers

Molecules that are mirror images. Also called stereoisomers.