Physics Momentum

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25 Terms

1
Momentum
The product of an object's mass and its velocity, representing the quantity of motion an object possesses.
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2
Impulse
The change in momentum resulting from a force applied over a period of time.
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3
Force
An interaction that changes the motion of an object, expressed as mass times acceleration (F = ma).
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4
Collision
An event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other for a relatively short time.
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5
Elastic Collision
A collision in which kinetic energy is conserved before and after the event.
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6
Inelastic Collision
A collision in which kinetic energy is not conserved, and some energy is converted to other forms.
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7
Explosion
A rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, often involving a forceful expansion.
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8
Conservation
The principle that in a closed system, certain properties like momentum remain constant over time.
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9
What is momentum?
Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity.
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10
What kinds of objects have momentum?
Any object that is moving, regardless of its mass.
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11
How can you change momentum? (two answers)
By changing the object's mass or its velocity.
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12
What are the units of momentum?
Kilogram meters per second (kg·m/s).
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13
What is impulse?
Impulse is the product of the force applied and the time duration over which it is applied.
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14
What is the difference between “impulse” and “change in momentum?”
Impulse is the mechanism that changes momentum; they are equal in value but represent different concepts.
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15
What are units of impulse?
Newton-seconds (N·s) or kilogram meters per second (kg·m/s).
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16
How can you maximize the impulse/change in momentum? (two answers)
By increasing the force applied or extending the duration of time that the force is applied.
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17
What is the relationship between impulse and time of impact?
Impulse increases with longer time of impact, allowing for a smaller force.
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18
What is the relationship between impulse and force of impact?
Impulse increases with greater force applied over the same time period.
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19
Why are large, fast objects harder to stop than small, slow objects?
They have greater momentum due to their larger mass and/or velocity.
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20
What does it mean to say that momentum is conserved in a system?
The total momentum of a closed system remains constant before and after interactions, like collisions.
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21
When two pool balls in an isolated system collide, what happens to overall momentum?
The overall momentum of the system remains the same.
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22
Name three real world things that reduce momentum over a long period of time.
Airbags, crumple zones in cars, and safety nets.
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23
Why does a player follow through with their swing?
To maximize the impulse delivered to the ball, increasing its momentum.
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24
Why do airplanes need such a long landing strip/runway?
To reduce speed gradually and safely dissipate momentum.
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25
Explain why turning off the Titanic's engines wouldn't have avoided a collision with the iceberg.
Without propulsion, the ship would continue moving forward due to its momentum, making it impossible to stop in time.
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