Political concepts

Capitalism

An economic system where businesses are owned by private people, not the government, and people work for profit.

Socialism

A system where the government owns major businesses and services to help everyone get equal access to things like healthcare and education.

Democracy

A government where the people vote to make decisions or choose leaders.

Laissez-faire

An idea that the government should not get involved in business and let it run on its own.

Communism

A system where all property is shared, and the government controls everything to make everyone equal.

Absolute Monarchy

A government where a king or queen has total power over the country.

Misogyny

Dislike or hatred of women.

Xenophobia

Fear or dislike of people from other countries.

Constitution

A written plan that explains how a government works and what rights people have.

Nazism

A political movement in Germany led by Adolf Hitler, based on racism, dictatorship, and extreme nationalism.

Social Democracy

A system that combines democracy with some socialist ideas, like government help for the poor.

Colonialism

When a country controls land in another part of the world and uses it for its own benefit.

Slavery

When people are treated as property and forced to work without pay or freedom.

Marxism

The ideas of Karl Marx, saying that workers should rise up against rich owners and create a classless society.

Ethnocentrism

Thinking your own culture is better than others.

Racism

Believing that some races are better than others.

Republic

A government where leaders are elected by the people.

Fascism

A political system led by a dictator with strong control over people’s lives and no tolerance for opposition.

Natural Rights

Basic rights people are born with, like life, freedom, and property.

Racial Supremacy

The belief that one race is better than all others.

Imperialism

When a country takes over other lands to build a big empire.

Suffrage

The right to vote in elections.