Political concepts

Capitalism – An economic system where businesses are owned by private people, not the government, and people work for profit.

Socialism – A system where the government owns major businesses and services to help everyone get equal access to things like healthcare and education.

Democracy – A government where the people vote to make decisions or choose leaders.

Laissez-faire – An idea that the government should not get involved in business and let it run on its own.

Communism – A system where all property is shared, and the government controls everything to make everyone equal.

Absolute Monarchy – A government where a king or queen has total power over the country.

Misogyny – Dislike or hatred of women.

Xenophobia – Fear or dislike of people from other countries.

Constitution – A written plan that explains how a government works and what rights people have.

Nazism – A political movement in Germany led by Adolf Hitler, based on racism, dictatorship, and extreme nationalism.

Social Democracy – A system that combines democracy with some socialist ideas, like government help for the poor.

Colonialism – When a country controls land in another part of the world and uses it for its own benefit.

Slavery – When people are treated as property and forced to work without pay or freedom.

Marxism – The ideas of Karl Marx, saying that workers should rise up against rich owners and create a classless society.

Ethnocentrism – Thinking your own culture is better than others.

Racism – Believing that some races are better than others.

Republic – A government where leaders are elected by the people.

Fascism – A political system led by a dictator with strong control over people’s lives and no tolerance for opposition.

Natural Rights – Basic rights people are born with, like life, freedom, and property.

Racial Supremacy – The belief that one race is better than all others.

Imperialism – When a country takes over other lands to build a big empire.

Suffrage – The right to vote in elections.