GEN BIO 1 | Cell Cycle (Interphase Only)

Note: Mitosis and Meiosis stages are in their own specific flashcard sets.

Functions of Cellular Reproduction

children grow; tissue repair; amoebas reproduce; zygote development

Chromatin

It is a collective term for all of cell’s DNA and its associated proteins. Organized into nucleosomes, each consists of a stretch of DNA wrapped around eight proteins or histones; loosely packed DNA in a non-dividing cell

Chromosomes

It is a condensed form of chromatin that duplicates before cell division.

Sister Chromatids

two identical halves of chromosomes

Centromere

holds sister chromatids together

Cell Cycle

orderly sequence of stages that involve cell growth and division

Interphase

normal cell function

M phase

nuclear division

Cytokinesis

division of cytoplasm

Order of Interphase Phases

1. G1 Phase

2. S Phase

3. G2 Phase

G1 Phase

Cell grows in size as it doubles its organelles. It performs normal daily functions as it accumulates materials for DNA replication.

G0 Phase

G1 Cells may exit the cell cycle and enter a reversible, non-dividing state where it functions but does not replicate DNA nor divide

S Phase

DNA duplicates. At the beginning each chromatid has one single DNA double helix and has two sister chromatids each having one double helix. The centrosomes in animal cells also duplicate.

G2 Phase

The cell synthesizes proteins that assist in cell division and DNA winds more tightly , and it starts chromosome condensation.